1. Chapter 12 Probation and Community Corrections

2. JUSTIFICATION Reintegration Preparing offenders to return to the community unmarred by further criminal behavior Diversion Diverting those who qualify away from prison and jail and toward community- based intermediate sanctions The Low-Cost Alternative The high cost of incarceration is a strong motivator for some to support community- based corrections

3. SENTENCING CHOICES and PROBATION Sentencing choices and probation: Suspended sentences Alternative sentencing choices Split sentences Shock incarceration Intermittent incarceration

4. PROBATION DENIED Offenders are most likely denied probation if they: Are convicted on multiple charges Were on probation or parole at the time of arrest Have two or more prior convictions Are addicted to narcotics Seriously injured the victim of the crime Used a weapon in the commission of the crime

5. CONDITIONS OF PROBATION Conditions of probation: Standard conditions Imposed on all probationers Punitive conditions Designed to reflect the seriousness of the offense and increase punishment Treatment conditions Designed to help the offender with issues that may contribute to criminal activity

7. PROBATION OFFICERS The role of the probation officer: Preparing the PSI report (investigative officers) Supervising probationers (line officers) Centralized versus decentralized probation services The ideal relationship between probationer and probation officer is based on trust. In the absence of trust, this relationship is based on authority

8. REVOCATION Revocation of probation: Probation ends in one of two ways 1. The probation completes the requirements of probation 2. The probationer fails to meet the requirements and probation is revoked Today, 65% of probationers completed probation without revocation

9. REVOCATION PROCESS The revocation process: The preliminary hearing The revocation hearing The revocation sentencing Probationer Rights: Mempa v. Ray (1967) Morrisey v. Brewer (1972) Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973)

10. SANCTIONS Judicially Administered Intermediate Sanctions: 1. Fines 2. Community service 3. Restitution 4. Forfeiture 5. Pretrial diversion programs Drug courts

11. MORE SANCTIONS Day Reporting Centers: Community based corrections center where offenders report daily for purposes of treatment, education, and incapacitation Intensive Probation Supervision: A more restrictive alternative to regular probation. Typified by more supervision and smaller caseloads

12. MONITORING Levels of Home Monitoring: 1. Curfew 2. Home detention 3. Home incarceration Types of Electronic Monitoring: Programmed contact Continuously signaling