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Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.

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Presentation on theme: "Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1."— Presentation transcript:

1 Cell Structure and Function

2 The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1

3 The Cell Theory Cell Theory: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells. Schleiden Schwann Virchow 7-1

4 Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Nucleus – a membrane- enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic information, “control center” Prokaryotes – cells that do not contain nuclei. (Bacteria) Eukaryotes – cells that contain nuclei. (All other organisms) 7-1 www.nerdscience.com

5 “Command Center” Organelles Nuclear membrane – surrounds and protects the nucleus Chromosomes – condensed string-like structure that forms from DNA, contains cell information Nucleolus – structure within the nucleus that makes ribosomes. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

6 Inside the Nucleus Nuclear membrane Chromosomes Nucleolus 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

7 The Nucleus

8 Protection & Support Organelles Organelles – structures in a cell that act like “little organs.” Cytoplasm – the gel-like fluid where the organelles “float.” 7-2

9 Protection & Support Organelles Cytoskeleton – helps cell to maintain shape, move, and move organelles. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

10 The Cytoplasm 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

11 Cell Boundaries Cell membrane – thin, flexible membrane that surrounds the cell. Controls what enters/leaves cell, provides support/protection. Cell walls – rigid layer around the membrane found only in bacteria, fungi and plants. 7-3 www.nerdscience.com

12 Cell Membrane 7-3

13 Energy Processing Organelles Chloroplasts – organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy  Photosynthesis –Found only in plants. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

14 Chloroplasts Chloroplast 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

15 Energy Processing Organelles Mitochondria – organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. –“Powerhouse of the Cell!” 7-2

16 Mitochondria 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

17 The Mitochondria

18 Manufacturing Organelles Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins! 7-2

19 Ribosomes Ribosome 7-2

20 Transport Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum – internal membrane system of the cell. –Lipids, proteins, and other products are made here. –Rough ER – has ribosomes –Smooth ER – no ribosomes 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

21 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER with ribosomes Smooth ER no ribosomes 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

22 Endoplasmic Reticulum

23 Processing Organelles Golgi Body – modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

24 Golgi Body 7-2

25 The Golgi Body

26 Storage Organelles Vacuoles – store materials. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

27 Vacuoles 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

28 Specialized Plant Organelles

29 Recycling Organelles Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes. –Digest molecules to be used by the cell. 7-2

30 Lysosomes

31 Organization in Multicellular Organisms Tissues Organs Organ System Organism Cells 7-4 www.nerdscience.com


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