1. The Renaissance in Italy and the Rise of the City-States

2. The Italian City-States Location – Historical crossroads of the Mediterranean Sea.Location – Historical crossroads of the Mediterranean Sea. –Trade –Merchants –Banking –Wealth Papal domination of the Middle Ages meant no national outlook.Papal domination of the Middle Ages meant no national outlook.

3. Oligarchies and Despots City-State government was normally created as merchant oligarchies.City-State government was normally created as merchant oligarchies. Venetian ExampleVenetian Example –Patrician Senate (300 members) –Council of Ten (Judicial Body) Competition, however, will turn most city-states to subtle and severe despotismCompetition, however, will turn most city-states to subtle and severe despotism Piazza San Marco in Venice

4. City-State Social Divisions – Florentine Example Grandi – Old Rich, nobles or merchants traditionally rule the city (Pazzi and the Medici) Grandi – Old Rich, nobles or merchants traditionally rule the city (Pazzi and the Medici) Popolo Grosso – New Rich, bankers and capitalists, challenge the new rich for power. Popolo Grosso – New Rich, bankers and capitalists, challenge the new rich for power. Middle-Burgher Ranks – guild masters, artisans, and professionals.Middle-Burgher Ranks – guild masters, artisans, and professionals. Popolo Minuto – lower economic classes Popolo Minuto – lower economic classes Ciompi Revolt - 1378 Arte della Lana

5. The Medici Banking FranchiseBanking Franchise 1434 – Cosimo de’ Medici – controlled the Office or Public Debt1434 – Cosimo de’ Medici – controlled the Office or Public Debt Through manipulation of elections he will also control the SignoriaThrough manipulation of elections he will also control the Signoria His grandson Lorenzo will rule Florence as a totalitarian until 1492His grandson Lorenzo will rule Florence as a totalitarian until 1492 Cosimo de’ Medici (The Great)

6. Three Wise Men By Benozzo Gozzoli

7. Lorenzo de' Medici (The Magnificent)

8. Despotism Hired or installed strongmen or familiesHired or installed strongmen or families Purpose was to maintain law and order, but most importantly to keep business operatingPurpose was to maintain law and order, but most importantly to keep business operating They operated through mercenary armies known as condottieriThey operated through mercenary armies known as condottieri Ludovico Sforza Francesco I Sforza

9. Effects of the City-State System 1 – Diplomacy thrived in the city-state environment.1 – Diplomacy thrived in the city-state environment. –The first embassies of Europe were created. 2 – The city-state system of Italy also created an environment for a flourishing of the arts. Why?2 – The city-state system of Italy also created an environment for a flourishing of the arts. Why? –Competition –Money!!!! Milan Florence Venice Rome