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© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5-1 Chapter 5 Managing Your Network Environment.

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Presentation on theme: "© 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5-1 Chapter 5 Managing Your Network Environment."— Presentation transcript:

1 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. 5-1 Chapter 5 Managing Your Network Environment

2 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-2 Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks: Gather information about neighbor devices Gather information about remote devices Create a simple network diagram to document the network Determine the location from which a configuration and IOS image will be loaded

3 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-3 Cisco Discovery Protocol A proprietary utility that gives you a summary of directly connected switches, routers, and other Cisco devices CDP discovers neighbor devices regardless of which protocol suite they are running Physical media must support the Subnetwork Access Protocol (SNAP) encapsulation Upper-Layer Entry Addresses Cisco Proprietary Data-Link Protocol Media Supporting SNAP TCP/IPNovell IPX CDP discovers and shows information about directly connected Cisco devices ATM Others LANs Frame Relay AppleTalkOthers

4 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-4 Runs on routers with Cisco IOS 10.3 or later and Cisco switches and hubs Summary information includes: Device identifiers Address list Port identifier Capabilities list Platform CDP show cdp CDP Discovering Neighbors with CDP

5 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-5 Using CDP SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA 10.3.3.210.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2 S0 S1 RouterA#sh cdp ? entry Information for specific neighbor entry interface CDP interface status and configuration neighbors CDP neighbor entries traffic CDP statistics RouterA(config)#no cdp run RouterA(config)#interface serial0 RouterA(config-if)#no cdp enable

6 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-6 SwitchA also provides its Mac address Using the show cdp neighbor Command RouterA#sh cdp neighbors Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID RouterB Ser 0 148 R 2522 Ser 1 SwitchA0050BD855780 Eth 0 167 T S 1900 2 SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA 10.3.3.210.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2 S0 S1

7 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-7 Using the show cdp entry Command RouterA#sh cdp entry * ------------------------- Device ID: RouterB Entry address(es): IP address: 10.1.1.2 Platform: cisco 2522, Capabilities: Router Interface: Serial0, Port ID (outgoing port): Serial1 Holdtime : 168 sec Version : Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fci) Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA 10.3.3.210.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2 S0 S1

8 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-8 Additional CDP Commands RouterA#sh cdp traffic CDP counters : Packets output: 56, Input: 38 Hdr syntax: 0, Chksum error: 0, Encaps failed: 3 No memory: 0, Invalid packet: 0, Fragmented: 0 RouterA#sh cdp interface BRI0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Encapsulation HDLC Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Holdtime is 180 seconds SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA 10.3.3.210.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2 S0 S1

9 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-9 Using Telnet to Connect to Remote Devices Remote device SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA 10.3.3.210.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2 S0 S1 RouterA#telnet 10.2.2.2 Trying 10.2.2.2... Open ------------------------------------------------- Catalyst 1900 Management Console Copyright (c) Cisco Systems, Inc. 1993-1998 All rights reserved. Enterprise Edition Software Ethernet Address: 00-90-86-73-33-40 PCA Number: 73-2239-06 PCA Serial Number: FAA02359H8K Model Number: WS-C1924-EN System Serial Number: FAA0237X0FQ. SwitchB>

10 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-10 Viewing Telnet Connections SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA 10.3.3.210.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2 S0 S1 RouterA#sh session Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2 * 2 10.3.3.2 10.3.3.2 0 0 10.3.3.2 RouterA#sh user Line User Host(s) Idle Location * 0 con 0 10.1.1.2 3 10.3.3.2 2 11 vty 0 idle 1 10.1.1.2

11 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-11 Suspending a Telnet Session SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA 10.3.3.210.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2 S0 S1 RouterB# x RouterA#sh session Conn Host Address Byte Idle Conn Name 1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.2 0 1 10.1.1.2 RouterA#resume 1 RouterB#

12 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-12 RouterA#disconnect Closing connection to 10.3.3.2 [confirm] RouterA#clear line 11 [confirm] [OK] Closing a Telnet Session Closing a session opened by a remote device Closing the current session opened by you SwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchA 10.3.3.210.3.3.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.110.2.2.2 S0 S1

13 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-13 Using the ping and trace Commands Test connectivity and path to a remote device Router##ping 10.1.1.10 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms Router#trace 10.1.1.10 Type escape sequence to abort. Tracing the route to 10.1.1.10 1 10.1.1.10 4 msec 4 msec 4 msec Router#

14 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-14 Router Power on/Bootup Sequence Power on self test (POST) Load and run bootstrap code Find the IOS software Load the IOS software Find the configuration Load the configuration Run

15 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-15 Router Internal Components RAM Config register ROM Flash NVRAM Interfaces

16 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-16 ROM Functions ROM Contains microcode for basic functions Bootstrap Mini IOS ROM monitor POST show version Console

17 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-17 Finding the IOS Flash show version show startup-config IOS Order of search: 1. Check configuration register 2. Parse config in NVRAM 3. Default to first file in Flash 4. Attempt net boot 5. RXBOOT 6. ROMMON Console Config register NVRAM

18 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-18 Router Start-up Flow Chart Use IOS from Flash Attempt to get IOS from network Use IOS in ROM (RXBoot mode) Check start-up config Boot field =0 0x0 Boot field =1 0x1 Boot system commands ? Config reg bit 13=1 ? 5 failures ? Valid IOS in Flash ? Do what they say Run ROM Monitor START Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Success ? No Yes Use file from Network Load IOS Valid config ? Config reg bit 6=1 ? Yes NoYes SETUP DIALOG NORMAL START UP COMPLETE No

19 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-19 Determining the Current Configuration Register Value wg_ro_a#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye Image text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin" --More-- Configuration register is 0x2102 Configuration register value in show version

20 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-20 Configuration Register Values Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

21 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-21 Configuration Register Values Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Configuration Register Boot Field Value 0x0 Meaning Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b command) Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

22 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-22 Configuration Register Values Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Configuration Register Boot Field Value 0x0 0x1 Meaning Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b command) Automatically boot from ROM (Provides IOS subset) Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

23 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-23 Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option Check configuration register value with show version Configuration Register Values Configuration Register Boot Field Value 0x0 0x2 to 0xF 0x1 Meaning Use ROM monitor mode (Manually boot using the b command) Examine NVRAM for boot system commands (0x2 default if router has Flash) Automatically boot from ROM (Provides IOS subset) Router#configure terminal Router(config)#config-register 0x2102 [Ctrl-Z] Router#reload

24 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-24 Loading the IOS from Flash Flash IOS show flash Flash file is decompressed into RAM Console RAM

25 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-25 show flash Command wg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) wg_ro_a#sh flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

26 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-26 Loading the Configuration Console IOS Setup utility show startup-config show running-config Load and execute config from NVRAM If no config in NVRAM, enter setup mode Config RAMNVRAM

27 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-27 show running and show startup Commands wg_ro_c#show startup-config Using 1359 out of 32762 bytes ! version 12.0 ! -- More -- wg_ro_c#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 12.0 ! -- More -- In NVRAM In RAM Display current and saved configuration

28 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-28 Sources of Configurations Config RAMNVRAM copy running startup copy startup running (merge)

29 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-29 Sources of Configurations Config RAMNVRAM Terminal copy running startup copy startup running (merge) config term (merge)

30 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-30 Sources of Configurations Config Console RAMNVRAM Terminal TFTP server copy running startup copy startup running (merge) TFTP server copy start tftp copy tftp start copy run tftp copy tftp run (merge) config term (merge)

31 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-31 Sources of Configurations Config Console RAMNVRAM Terminal TFTP server Erase Start copy running startup copy startup running (merge) TFTP server Blank 000000 erase start config term (merge) copy tftp run (merge) copy tftp start copy start tftp copy run tftp

32 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-32 copy run tftp and copy tftp run Commands wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg.!! 1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Source filename []? wgroa.cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg... Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK - 1684/3072 bytes] 1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [running-config]? wgroa.cfg.!! 1684 bytes copied in 13.300 secs (129 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a#copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Source filename []? wgroa.cfg Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/wgroa.cfg... Loading wgroa.cfg from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): ! [OK - 1684/3072 bytes] 1684 bytes copied in 17.692 secs (99 bytes/sec)

33 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-33 Cisco IOS File Systems and Devices RAM NVRAM TFTP server Flash flash: system:nvram: tftp:

34 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-34 Managing IOS Images Network server FLASH Router c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Network server

35 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-35 Preparing for a Network Backup Image Check access to the server Router Network server

36 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-36 Preparing for a Network Backup Image Check access to the server Check space available on the server Router Network server

37 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-37 Preparing for a Network Backup Image Check access to the server Check space available on the server Check file naming convention Router c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Network server

38 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-38 Preparing for a Network Backup Image Router c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Network server Check access to the server Check space available on the server Check file naming convention Create file on server if required

39 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-39 wg_ro_a#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 10084696 c2500-js-l_120-3.bin [10084760 bytes used, 6692456 available, 16777216 total] 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Verifying Memory and Deciphering Image Filenames Verify Flash memory has room for the IOS image

40 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-40 wg_ro_a#copy flash tftp Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Address or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1 Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a# Creating a Software Image Backup Back up current files prior to updating Flash Network server FLASH copy flash tftp

41 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-41 wg_ro_a#copy tftp flash Address or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]? Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.bin Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin... Erase flash: before copying? [confirm] Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm] Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted)...erased Erase of flash: complete Loading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (output omitted) [OK - 10084696/20168704 bytes] Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0) 10084696 bytes copied in 309.108 secs (32636 bytes/sec) wg_ro_a# Upgrading the Image from the Net Erase Flash occurs before loading new image Note message that image already exists Network server FLASH

42 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-42 Visual Objective core_ server 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 wg_sw_a 10.1.1.10 255.255.255.0 wg_sw_l 10.1.1.120 255.255.255.0 wg_pc_a wg_pc_l... console 10.1.1.121 255.255.255.0 e0/2 fa0/26 (port A) e0/2 e0 fa0/26 (port A) fa0/1fa0/12 fa0/24 core_sw_a 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 10.1.1.11 255.255.255.0 wg_ro_l A/B wg_ro_a console podsw ro’s e0 A10.1.1.1010.1.1.11 B10.1.1.2010.1.1.21 C10.1.1.3010.1.1.31 D10.1.1.4010.1.1.41 E10.1.1.5010.1.1.51 F10.1.1.6010.1.1.61 G10.1.1.7010.1.1.71 H10.1.1.8010.1.1.81 I10.1.1.9010.1.1.91 J10.1.1.10010.1.1.101 K10.1.1.11010.1.1.111 L10.1.1.12010.1.1.121

43 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-43 After completing this chapter, you should be able to perform the following tasks: Use Cisco Discovery Protocol from a device to get information about neighboring devices Use Telnet to retrieve information about remote devices Determine the load location of the IOS image List the commands to load an IOS image file Summary

44 © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICND—5-44 Review Questions 1. What CDP command is used to get information about one specific neighbor? 2. What key combination suspends a Telnet session? 3. From which three locations can an active configuration file originate? 4.What show command lists the value of the Configuration Register?

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