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Published byLenard Horton Modified over 8 years ago
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How BIG is the Universe? A Photographic Tour
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Apollo 17 Lunar Rover (scale: a few metres)
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Space Shuttle, Columbia (scale: 100 metres)
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Barringer Crater, Arizona (1.2 km diam, 200 m deep - 50 m diam asteroid at 11 km/s)
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Earth (diam 12,756 km)
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Cloud covered Venus (0.95 Earth diameters)
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Mercury (0.38 Earth diameters)
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The Moon (0.27 Earth diameters)
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The Sun (diam 1 392 000 km or 109 Earth diameters, distance 150 000 000 km or 1 astronomical unit - 1 AU)
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Eclipse of the Sun by the Moon as seen from Antarctica (both subtend almost exactly the same angle of half a degree at the Earth)
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Mars - the Red Planet (0.53 Earth diam)
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Surface of Mars
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Phobos and Deimos (max lengths 28 and 16 km)
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Orbits of the planets to scale
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Asteroid Gaspra (20 km long)
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Jupiter and its Great Red Spot (11.2 Earth diam, distance 5.2 AU)
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Jupiter’s cloud belts as seen by the Cassini spacecraft
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Jupiter with (top to bottom) Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto
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Io and its sulphur volcanoes (0.28 Earth diam, 1.04 Moon diam)
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Ganymede, largest moon in the Solar System (0.41 Earth diam, 1.51 Moon diam)
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Not all Jupiter’s moons are large: Thebe (100 km), Amalthea (270 km max) and Metis (40 km)
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Saturn and its beautiful rings (9.4 Earth diam at 9.6 AU)
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Orbits of the planets to scale
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Uranus, the tilted planet (4.0 Earth diam at 19.2 AU)
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Neptune (3.9 Earth diam at 30.1 AU)
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Pluto and Charon - double planet (0.18 and 0.09 Earth diam 1.54 Earth diam apart at 29.7 to 49.4 AU from Sun)
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Comet Hale-Bopp in March 1997 A comet tail can be over 1 AU long, but its nucleus measures only a few km across
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Comet Halley and the Milky Way
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Southern Pinwheel Galaxy 15 million light years away and similar to the Milky Way
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How the Milky Way might look seen edge-on 160 million light years Sun
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Size of the Milky Way Galaxy
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Sombrero Galaxy
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Whirlpool Galaxy
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Andromeda Galaxy (2.5 million light years away - most distant naked eye object)
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Giant Elliptical Galaxy M87 in Virgo Cluster 50 million light years away
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Virgo Cluster of Galaxies 1500 galaxies 9 million light years across 50 million light years away
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Coma Cluster
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Hubble Deep Field showing galaxies over 10 billion light years away (looking back in time to near the beginning of the universe)
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How the Milky Way might look seen edge-on 160 million light years Sun
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The Milky Way as seen from Australia (Notice the pink nebulae where new stars are forming)
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Milky Way with Faulkes Telescope in Australia in foreground
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The constellation of Orion and the Milky Way (The bright stars we see here are no more than a few hundred light years away) Betelgeuse Rigel Orion Nebula
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Orion Nebula a small star forming region about 1 light year across
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New solar systems forming in Orion
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New stars forming in pillars of molecular hydrogen and dust that are light years in length (in Eagle Nebula)
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Pleiades and Hyades star clusters (with Jupiter and Saturn)
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Betelgeuse - a Red Supergiant star (big enough to reach the orbit of Jupiter)
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Life Cycles of Stars in Outline
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Helix Planetary Nebula (1.5 light years across) White dwarf star (remains of core of star and about size of the Earth) Planetary nebula (remains of outer layers of star)
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Cat’s Eye Planetary Nebula and white dwarf (A solar mass white dwarf would be only as big as the Earth)
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Cocoon Planetary Nebula
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Ring Planetary Nebula
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Abell Planetary Nebula
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Crab Nebula a supernova remnant - remains of a star that exploded 10 light years across neutron star about 10 km across is at centre (not visible)
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Vela or Gum Nebula
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A Black Hole (“Radius” of a 10 solar mass black hole would be only 30 km)
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A black hole a few million times the mass of the Sun lurks at the centre of our galaxy and causes nearby stars to orbit very rapidly
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How Orion would look if you were near a black hole (computer simulation)
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Gravitational lensing by a galaxy cluster 2 billion light years away bends light from a galaxy so far away that its light has been travelling for 95% of the age of the Universe
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The End
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