1. Ghost Pulses Eric Baril Mr. Barnard 3 rd Due: Dec. 10, 2013

2. Essential Question Do different energy drinks, the ingredients in the energy blend of the 5 Hour Energy Drink, and combinations of those ingredients have an effect on the heart rate of a larger species such as Palaemantes Paludousus? And what are they?

3. Purpose My past two years worth of science projects have been testing the heart rates of Daphnia Magna. This year I’m using a different organism known as the Ghost shrimp. These are mush larger than the Daphnia and might have different results. I wanted to use a larger organism because the point of my projects are to research how these drinks will affect humans. Since Daphnia are so small you need a microscope to see them the comparison is hard to grasp. Also This Project is to verify the fact that energy drinks can harm humans. By using a larger organism we can solidify the Fact.

4. Research Heart

5. Research Chemical Compounds in 5 Hour Energy Drink energy blend Taurine Tyrosine Caffeine Phenylalanine Glucuronolactone Malic acid Choline

6. Research In 2011, sales of the beverage category of “energy shots” rose to 1 billion dollars. 5 hour leads the category with increased sales of 45.3%, which yielded 885.2 million dollars. The energy drinks category increased 15.7% yielding 6.9 billion dollars for the 52 weeks prior to May 15, 2011. Share of volume by region in the U.S. in 2008 : West-42.4%, South- 27.8%, Midwest-18.9%, North East-10.8%.

7. Research The Ghost Shrimp: Females are larger than males Also called glass shrimp because they are clear Type of feeder shrimp often used in larger aquariums to Clean the tank or as fish food Maximum size is two inches Palemontes Paludousus

8. Hypothesis I hypothesize that the ingredients and the different drinks will have the same effect on the glass shrimp as they did on daphnia magna. I feel that the ingredients will combine to have a larger effect on the shrimp. I feel the more ingredients added to the compound the larger the effect they will have.

9. Materials Palaemantes Paludousus Water Medicine Droppers Smart Phone Laser pointer Water Taurine Tyrosine Caffeine Phenylalanine 5 Hour Energy Drink Monster Amp Red Bull Nos Small three inch fish net Super glue Scotch tape Flash light Soda bottle Metal cutters Hammer Scissors

10. Compounds Taurine-Tyrosine Taurine-Phenylalanine Taurine-Caffeine Tyrosine-Phenylalanine Tyrosine-Caffeine Caffeine-Phenylalanine Taurine-Tyrosine-Phenylalanine Tyrosine-Phenylalanine-Caffeine Phenylalanine-Caffeine-Taurine Caffeine-Taurine-Tyrosine Taurine-Tyrosine-Phenylalanine-Caffeine

11. Procedure 1.Use the cutters to cut the outer tube of the laser pointer so you now have a piece of metal with two holes in it. 2.Remove the circuit board from the laser tubing. 3.Open the tube carefully as to not break the lens. 4.Remove the lens. 5.Take the outer tubing an flatten it so you have a flat piece of metal with two holes. 6.Put the lens in the holes and secure it with super glue. 7.Tape the piece of metal with the lens in side to the camera on your phone. 8.Now take your soda bottle and cut of the neck of the bottle. 9.Cut it down to the lip right before the cap. 10.Remove the ring around the cap. 11.Put the cap on.

12. Procedure (continued) 1.Remove one shrimp with the net and put him in the cap with a little of its own water. 2.Use your smart phone camera to count the heart beats for one minute. 3.Add a drop of a substance in the water. 4.Wait one minute. 5.Count the beats for one minute. 6.Repeat steps 1-5 For each trial for each substance making sure to record your data after you count each time. 7.Do this for the different energy drinks, ingredients, and compounds.

13. Graph (tyrosine)

14. Graph (Taurine)

15. Graph (phenylalanine)

16. Graph (caffeine)

17. Graph (5 Hour-control)

18. Graph (ingredients compilation)

19. Graph (Monster)

20. Graph (Amp)

21. Graph (red bull)

22. Graph (nos)

23. Graph (5 Hour)

24. Graph (drinks compilation)

25. Compounds (trial 1)

27. Compounds (trial 2)

29. Complete compound with energy drink compilation.

30. Conclusion In Conclusion it would appear that my Hypothesis was correct and the ingredients did in fact effect the ghost shrimp. This just goes to show that energy drinks do in fact have negative affects on humans. I do believe there is a good purpose for energy drinks they just haven’t found it yet. My hypothesis was also correct that the drinks and ingredients had the same affect on the shrimp. This just goes to show that these substances will harm people and that they are capable of great damage to the human body.

31. Bibliography http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/water-density-specific-weight-d_595.html http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-979- CAFFEINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=979&activeIngredientName=CAFFEINE http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-979- CAFFEINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=979&activeIngredientName=CAFFEINE ©2005-2012 WebMD, LLC. All rights reserved. http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1090- CITICOLINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=1090&activeIngredientName=CITICOLINE http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1090- CITICOLINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=1090&activeIngredientName=CITICOLINE http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1037- TYROSINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=1037&activeIngredientName=TYROSINE http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1037- TYROSINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=1037&activeIngredientName=TYROSINE http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-653- PHENYLALANINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=653&activeIngredientName=PHENYLALANINE http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-653- PHENYLALANINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=653&activeIngredientName=PHENYLALANINE http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1024- TAURINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=1024&activeIngredientName=TAURINE http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1024- TAURINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=1024&activeIngredientName=TAURINE http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-977- Malic%20Acid%20(ALPHA%20HYDROXY%20ACIDS).aspx?activeIngredientId=977&activeIngredientName=Malic%20Acid%2 0(ALPHA%20HYDROXY%20ACIDS) http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-977- Malic%20Acid%20(ALPHA%20HYDROXY%20ACIDS).aspx?activeIngredientId=977&activeIngredientName=Malic%20Acid%2 0(ALPHA%20HYDROXY%20ACIDS) GLUCURONOLACTONE http://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/jrod15.htmhttp://www.bodybuilding.com/fun/jrod15.htm http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=1075+1468&pcatid=1468

32. Phone Microscope Example

33. Pictures Glass shrimp through camera Glass shrimp in bag

34. Picture Microscope from the outside

35. Pictures Set up