1. ‘There, where Europe begins and ends.’
Poland as Antemurale
lalala

2. Polish antemurales Antemurale Christianitatis Baptism of Poland
The Battle of Vienna 1683
2. Antemurale Communism
3. Antemurale European Union
4. Antemurale constitutional changes in Europe
5. Antemurale eastern and western culture

3. Antemurale Christianitatis
(Latin for the Bulwark of Christianity)
was a country defending frontiers of Christian Europe from the Ottoman Empire.

4. Baptism of Poland
The Baptism of Poland (Polish: Chrzest Polski) was the event in 966 that signified the beginning of the Christianization of Poland, commencing with the baptism of Mieszko I, who was the first ruler of the Polish state. The next significant step in Poland's adoption of Christianity was the establishment of various ecclesiastical organs in the country during the 10th and 11th centuries. This included the building of cathedrals and the appointment of clergy. This date should not be confused as the independence day of Poland.

5. The Battle of Vienna 1683
The Battle of Vienna took place on 11 and 12 September 1683 after Vienna had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. Was a battle of Habsburg and confederates versus the Ottoman Empire and fiefdoms of the Ottoman Empire near the Kahlen Berg mountain in Vienna. The battle marked the beginning of the political hegemony of the Habsburg dynasty in Central Europe.

6. Antemurale Communism
The Battle of Warsaw (Russian: Варшáвское сражéние, Polish: Bitwa Warszawska; sometimes referred to as the Miracle at the Vistula, Polish: Cud nad Wisłą) was the decisive battle of the Polish–Soviet War, which began soon after the end of World War I in 1918 and lasted until the Treaty of Riga (1921).
The battle was fought from August 12–25, 1920 as Red Army forces commanded by Mikhail Tukhachevsky approached the Polish capital of Warsaw and nearby Modlin Fortress. On August 16, Polish forces commanded by Józef Piłsudski counterattacked from the south, forcing the Russian forces into a disorganised withdrawal eastward and behind the Neman River. Estimated Soviet losses were 10,000 killed, 500 missing, 10,000 wounded, and 66,000 taken prisoner, compared with Polish losses of some 4,500 killed, 10,000 missing, and 22,000 wounded.
Before the Polish victory at the Vistula, both the Bolsheviks and the majority of foreign experts considered Poland to be on the verge of defeat. The stunning, unexpected Polish victory crippled the Bolshevik forces. In Vladimir Lenin's words, the Bolsheviks "suffered an enormous defeat".[3] In the following months, several more Polish follow-up victories saved Poland's independence and led to a peace treaty with the Soviet Union later that year, securing Polish state's eastward frontiers.

7. Antemurale European Union
Chief of State of the Republic of Poland

8. Antemurale constitutional changes in Europe
LECH WALESA is destroying the wall of communism

9. Antemurale eastern and western culture
Thirteen Polish monuments were inscribed on the World Heritage List of UNESCO
Kraków Old Town
The Wieliczka Salt Mine

10. Auschwitz concentration camp
Warsaw Old Town
Zamość Old Town
Białowieża Forest

11. Toruń Old Town
The Castle in Malbork
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska park

12. Wooden Churches of Southern Little Poland
The Churches of Peace
The Muskau Park
The Centennial Hall