1. Baroque Music

2. The Classical Era

3. The Romantic Era

4. The Turn of the Century

5. Atonality

6. Fountain Marcel Duchamp, 1917

8. The Starry Night Vincent van Gogh, 1889

9. The Scream Edvard Munch, 1893

10. Composition VII Wassily Kandinsky, 1913

11. The 20 th Century Expressionism is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect. Expressionistic music was composed by the Second Viennese School Arnold Schoenberg Alban Berg Anton Webern

12. Arnold Schoenberg 1874-1951 Born to a Jewish family in the Leopoldstadt district of Vienna. Self taught-piano and composition In Vienna- orchestrated operas for income while composing Joined artistic social circles (Mahler, Strauss) 1898-Converted to Lutheranism 1904-Began teaching harmony, counterpoint and composition – Students: Alban Berg, Anton Webern (Second Viennese School)

13. Arnold Schoenberg 1874-1951 1908-Wife left him for lover – Increased dissonance in compositions – Increased compositional output – Free Atonality 1910-”Theory of Harmony” WW1- Service in Army – Many compositions left unfinished 1915-Recluse 1921- Debut of 12-tone technique (Emancipation of dissonance)

14. Arnold Schoenberg 1933-Forced into exile by Hitler, moved to US First teaching position in Boston, then LA – USC, UCLA – Conflict with Stravinsky Compositional output: – Initially Tonal – Free Atonality: Pierrot Lunnaire – Setting of 21 poems for voice and chamber ensemble – Sprechstimme- “Spoken voice”

15. Arnold Schoenberg 12-Tone Technique (Serialism): – Developed 1921 – All 12 tones are equal – Basis of composition: “tone row” An ordered arrangement of the twelve notes of the chromatic scale – Rules for composition: The set is a specific ordering of all twelve notes of the scale. No note is repeated within the set The set may be stated in any of its "linear aspects": prime, inversion, retrograde, and retrograde-inversion. The set in any of its four transformations may be stated upon any degree of the semitonal scale.