2.  Axial Skeleton – supports the central axis of the body › Skull Skull › Clavicle Clavicle › Ribs and Sternum Ribs and Sternum › Vertebrae Vertebrae  Appendicular Skeleton › Arms Arms › Legs Legs

3.  Skull – protects the brain Skull  Clavicle – hold the upper extremities of the hand Clavicle  Ribs and Sternum – protects the heart and the lungs Ribs and Sternum

4.  Vertebrae – protects the spinal cord Vertebrae

5.  Arms Arms › Humerus  upper arm › Radius and Ulna  lower arm › Carpals  wrist › Metacarpals  palm › Phalanges  fingers

6.  Legs Legs › Femur  thigh › Tibia and Fibula  Lower leg › Tarsals  ankle › Metatarsals  sole › Phalanges  toes

7.  Bone Structure › Periosteum  covering of the bone  Important for repair › Compact Bone  makes the bone tough › Spongy Bone  Provide spaces for bone marrow › Bone Marrow  Red marrow – production of blood cells  Yellow marrow – composed of fats

8.  Muscles work in pairs (antagonistic) › Myofibrils › Filaments  Actin – thin fiber  Myosin – thick fiber  Sliding Filament Theory

9.  Allows movement  Gives shape to the body  Gives structure to the body

10.  Osteoporosis › Osteoporosis means “porous bones,” or that bones are losing their density, becoming thinner and more breakable.

11.  Rheumatoid Arthritis › Rheumatoid arthritis causes swelling, pain, stiffness, and redness in the joints. › The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown to date, but allegedly triggered by a combination of factors, including genetic susceptibility, viral infection or hormonal changes.

12.  Scoliosis › an abnormal curvature of the spine. › Can be a result of poor muscle control or muscle weakness, and traumatic spine injuries

13.  Steroids › Testosterone is commonly prescribed in the treatment of female breast cancer, and for stimulation of growth, weight gain, and red blood cell production. These are commonly known as "anabolic steroids" because they promote muscle growth. They are also commonly used to help patients recover from a surgery and cancer treatment that resulted in damage to muscle tissue.