1. GridNets, October 1, 2006 1 AR-PIN/PDC: Flexible Advance Reservation of Intradomain and Interdomain Lightpaths Eric He, Xi Wang, Jason Leigh Electronic Visualization Laboratory University of Illinois at Chicago GRIDNETS 2006 October 1, 2006

2. GridNets, October 1, 2006 2 LambdaGrid Requirements Massive bandwidth –DWDM Quality of Service guarantee –Dedicated lightpaths Dynamically configurable by various applications –Web services Collaboration from multiple domains –Inter-domain Advance reservation –Flexible We want to get rid of ROUTERS!

3. GridNets, October 1, 2006 3 Proposed Solution AR-PIN/PDC: A software system to let applications control both intra-domain and inter-domain lightpath resources through web services, with flexible advance reservation capability. AR-PIN/PDC: Advance Reservation Photonic Inter-domain Negotiator / Photonic Domain Controller

4. GridNets, October 1, 2006 4 Outline Flexible Advance Reservation Model AR-PIN/PDC Architecture Simulation Results Deployment and Experiments Future Work

5. GridNets, October 1, 2006 5 Flexible Advance Reservation Model s, d: source and destination nodes. t start, t end : the reservation window range. t md : minimal duration. c: criteria, such as the earliest, the longest.

6. GridNets, October 1, 2006 6 Peer-to-Peer Topology Advertisement Client B Lightpath TL1 control messages Photonic Switches Topology Database AR-PIN 1 Slot Table Device Driver AR-PDC1 Signaling Web Services Topology Database AR-PIN 1 Slot Table Device Driver AR-PDC1 Signaling Web Services Topology Database AR-PIN 1 Slot Table Device Driver AR-PDC1 Signaling Web Services AR-PIN/PDC Architecture Client A Web Service Interdomain Routing Interdomain Signaling PDC

7. GridNets, October 1, 2006 7 Web Services Web services for applications –advanceReserveHH/SH/SS –immediateReserveHH/SH/SS –claim –unbind –terminate –modify –renew

8. GridNets, October 1, 2006 8 Client Sample package edu.uic.evl.pdc.client; import java.util.*; public class claim { public static void main(String [] args) { try { PDCService service = new PDCServiceLocator(); PDCEndpoint endpoint = service.getPDCEndpointPort(); endpoint.claim(args[0]); } catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

9. GridNets, October 1, 2006 9 Interdomain Routing Border Switch Internal Switch 1,2,3 Domain ID A,B,C… Border Switch ID 1 2 3 A B C D E F G Domains separated at Switches. Border Switch ID is globally unique. Exchange topology summary only. Exchange in publish/subscribe mode.

10. GridNets, October 1, 2006 10 2D Matrix Join Operation Time Slot Wavelength Join = Both intra-domain and inter-domain

11. GridNets, October 1, 2006 11 AR-PDC Device Driver Unified interface. The drivers talk to devices using TL1.

12. GridNets, October 1, 2006 12 Simulation How the flexibility affects the blocking rate and resource utilization? How advance reservations affect immediate reservations? How to divide resources between advance reservations and immediate reservations? Define the degree of flexibility:

13. GridNets, October 1, 2006 13 Blocking Rate Under Different Flexibilities

14. GridNets, October 1, 2006 14 Resource Utilization Under Different Flexibilities

15. GridNets, October 1, 2006 15 When ARs and IRs co-exist - Partition or Share Wavelengths? Shared case has much lower blocking rate!

16. GridNets, October 1, 2006 16 However, IRs may be dropped for shared case! It is possible for IRs to be dropped (preempted) by ARs. In order to maintain a certain Quality of Service, we can add one more parameter for IRs: Minimum Duration. It is still acceptable if we could –satisfy the Minimum Duration –notify the user in advance In another word, being dropped is better than being blocked! Therefore, we need to add admission control for IRs. time AR IR IR has be to dropped out

17. GridNets, October 1, 2006 17 Blocking Rate of IRs for Different Minimum Duration 1.IR load is fixed. 2.More ARs, IR blocking rate increases. 3.Longer MD, IR blocking rate increases.

18. GridNets, October 1, 2006 18 Admission Control for ARs If there is no admission control for ARs, it is possible for IRs to be blocked seriously, even starved, because of the time advantage of ARs. A good method is to reserve some wavelengths only for IRs. e.g., ARs can only use 5 of 8 wavelengths.

19. GridNets, October 1, 2006 19 We also need AR Admission Control

20. GridNets, October 1, 2006 20 Findings From Simulations By introducing some flexibility on the time parameters of advance reservations, the system performance can be improved dramatically. IR minimum duration is necessary to have good Quality of Service. AR admission control is necessary in order to maintain a well-balanced AR/IR mixed environment.

21. GridNets, October 1, 2006 21 Glimmerglass Calient cluster node 1-4 scylla node 11-16 yorda node 11-16 rembrandt node 3-6 charybdis nic 1-2 atlas nic 1-2 control plane AR-PIN/PDC UCSD EVL StarLight NetherLight Photonic Testbed Topology AR-PIN/PDC Glimmerglass

22. GridNets, October 1, 2006 22 AR-PIN/PDC Web Interface - Schedule

23. GridNets, October 1, 2006 23 AR-PIN/PDC Web Interface - View

24. GridNets, October 1, 2006 24 EVL-SLEVL-UCSDEVL-UvAEVL-SL-UCSD-UvA S-C prop Parallel Claims C-S prop EVL SL UCSD UvA

25. GridNets, October 1, 2006 25 Future Work LambdaBridge: An edge-based strategy to “bridge” applications on lambda networks. –Manage and adapt application flows and provide cluster-to-cluster lambda connections. –Will be presented in BroadNets 2006.

26. GridNets, October 1, 2006 26 Thank you! And Questions? http://www.evl.uic.edu eric@evl.uic.edu http://www.evl.uic.edu

27. GridNets, October 1, 2006 27 Interdomain Reservation Process PIN1 A B PIN2PIN3 PIN4 1. Client A sends a lightpath request to PIN1 2. PIN1 Find doman-level route from topology database. 4. Each domain gathers resource availability info and sends it to PIN1. 5. PIN1 joins all availability information, selects the best wavelength. 6. PIN1 sends reserveRequest to the first domain. 8. PIN1 receives the reserveResponse from PIN4. 9. PIN1 returns the reservation ID to the client A. 3. Send probeRequest msgs to other domains in parallel. 7. Hop by hop, each domain marks the slots in database.

28. GridNets, October 1, 2006 28 Interdomain Claim Process PIN1 A B PIN2PIN3 PIN4 1. Client A sends a claim request to PIN1 2. Send claimRequest msgs to other domains in parallel. 4. PIN1 returns success to the clientA 3. Each domain sets up its part of the lightpath. Then returns success to PIN1

29. GridNets, October 1, 2006 29 Signaling Algorithm Complexity Analysis Reservation –The major time consumed by Reservation process is slot table database access. –pdc-probe: O(hop) –pdc-reserve: O(hop*timeslot) –pin-reserve: O(domain*hop*timeslot) Claim –The major time consumed is switching time. –Parallelism will help.

30. GridNets, October 1, 2006 30 RTT: 1ms 60ms 104ms

31. GridNets, October 1, 2006 31 The Reservation Time is proportional to the Time Slot Granularity