1. US LHC Accelerator Research Program Jim Strait For the BNL-FNAL-LBNL LHC Accelerator Collaboration DOE Meeting 18 April 2003 brookhaven - fermilab - berkeley US LHC Accelerator Research Program

2. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait2 Outline Program Goals, Overview, and Organization R&D to Maximize the HEP Output of LHC Fundamental Accelerator R&D R&D for LHC Upgrades Coordination with CERN

3. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait3 Goals of the US LARP Advance High Energy Physics Help bring the LHC on and up to design performance quickly. Improve LHC performance by advances in understanding and instrumentation. Use LHC as a tool to gain deeper knowledge of accelerator science and technology. Extend LHC as a frontier HEP instrument with a timely luminosity upgrade. Advance U.S. Accelerator Science and Technology Keep skills sharp by helping commission the LHC. Conduct forefront AP research and development. Advance U.S. capabilities to improve the performance of our own machines. Prepare U.S. accelerator scientists to design the next generation of hadron colliders. Develop advanced components necessary for the next generation of hadron colliders.

4. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait4 Summary of Planned Program Help commission the hardware delivered by the LHC Accelerator Project and later by the LARP Help commission the LHC with initial beam. Use the LHC to perform experiments and test calculations and theories of fundamental accelerator science. Develop and build new instruments that will improve the operation of the LHC and help us perform accelerator physics experiments. Perform accelerator physics studies and advanced magnet R&D that will result in the IR designs and prototype IR magnets for a timely LHC luminosity upgrade.

5. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait5 Initial Organizational and Reporting Structure

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9. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait9 strong tools for

10. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait10 R& D to maximize the HEP output of the LHC Initial Instrumentation Suite 1) Tune, Chromaticity, & Coupling Feedback Tune, chromaticity and coupling feedback instruments are crucial for efficiency with intense beams … At LHC but also RHIC and Tevatron. Such tools are already being developed at CERN and at BNL … Collaboration meeting on this topic, Fermilab, May 9, 2003. 2) Real- Time Luminosity Measurements Fast luminosity measurements help keep the beams in exact collision. Two potential technologies: ArN 2 ionization chamber and CdTe. Beam test at Fermilab this year, jointly with CERN, to allow direct comparison. 3) Longitudinal Beam Density Monitor Based on the non-linear mixing of synch. radiation with light from a pulsed laser. These measurements are essential, with 350 MJ of stored energy in the beams. We plan to begin R&D on this to start in FY2005.

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14. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait14 Accelerator Systems Cost Estimate P R E L I M I N A R Y

15. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait15 High Priority of R&D for LHC Upgrades Recognized by HEPAP* HEPAP has set its highest priority on R&D for a luminosity upgrade: The science of extending exploration of the energy frontier with the LHC accelerator and detector luminosity upgrades is absolutely central. The R&D phase for these will need to start soon if the upgrades are to be finished by the present target date of 2014. HEPAP has set lower priority on energy upgrade: It is possible that the physics found in the next decade at the LHC will be such that it will demand such an upgrade, but at this point we don’t know enough yet either about the science or about the specifics of the facility that might be proposed. It will require an extensive R&D phase. ______________________________________________________ * High-Energy Physics Facilities of the DOE Office of Science Twenty-Year Road Map, HEPAP report to the Director of the Office of Science, 17 March 2003.

16. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait16 Schedule for Upgrades

17. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait17 New IRs are a Key Element of a Luminosity Upgrade

18. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait18 Accelerator Physics for Luminosity Upgrade Accelerator Physics for luminosity upgrades is the earliest AP activity. It informs the type of upgrade that can take place. It is necessary to guide the magnet R&D program, which must be launched soon and must be launched on the right path. Close cooperation with CERN required. Currently planned work: Interaction region optics. Energy deposition. Beam-beam calculations. Interaction region field error compensation. Beam loss scenarios. Effects of and requirements for other machine upgrades.

19. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait19 Magnet R&D for Luminosity Upgrade Magnet R&D will eventually become the largest part of LARP. Plan to pursue R&D on both quadrupoles and dipoles: –Quads with the largest possible aperture with G op > 200 T/m. (FNAL + LBNL) –Large-aperture dipoles for the extreme radiation environment of a dipole-first IR. (BNL + LBNL) Deliverables will be successful R&D, leading to accelerator-ready magnet design(s). Fabrication of production magnets is outside the scope of LARP and will be considered a\s a separate proposal.

20. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait20 Interactions with other Magnet R&D Programs The LARP cannot deliver accelerator-ready designs for all of the new IR magnets by itself. The LARP R&D program will be built upon and well coordinated with the on-going vigorous U.S. base program in high-field magnet development. –DOE funded program to develop Nb 3 Sn superconductor. –High-field dipole programs at BNL, FNAL and LBNL. We will work in close collaboration with non-U.S. programs. –Expect vigorous R&D program to start at CERN in a few years. –ESGARD proposals Networking activities “Next European Dipole” => collaboration with US on dipole-first IR? –Participation by KEK?

21. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait21 Magnet R&D Program Elements 1)The development of magnet requirements and conceptual designs. This will be the main activity for the next ~1½ years. Done with close cooperation between accelerator physicists and magnet scientists and in close collaboration with CERN. This work continues at a lower level throughout the R&D program as understanding of LHC beam requirements and magnet technology limits increase. 2)Technology development. Addresses key technological issues for the new IR magnets raised by the conceptual design studies. Will be a major activity in the early years (~2004-2006). Continues as support activity throughout the model magnet program.

22. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait22 Magnet R&D Program Elements 3)Model magnet programs for large-aperture, high-field quads & dipoles. First models in 2006, limited by slow start of funding. ~2 models per year of each quadrupole and dipole through 2010. As soon as practical, build 4 m model of one type. Additional models may be necessary after decision is made on new IR design, expected 2009-10. Expect considerable cross-fertilization between dipole and quadrupole programs, between LARP and base program, and between U.S. and European programs. 4)The construction of one or more accelerator-quality prototypes. Follows the decision on the final IR design in 2009-10. Current funding guidance limits us to (at most!) one type (D or Q). The goal is clear: To have a fully developed and proven, accelerator ready design, ready for production by 2012.

23. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait23 Magnet R&D Program Cost Estimate P R E L I M I N A R Y

24. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait24 Cost Estimate Summary P R E L I M I N A R Y

25. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait25 Coordination with CERN Many formal and informal meetings with CERN over the past  1 year to develop the LARP proposal. US-CERN Committee combines leaders of the LHC at CERN with leaders of the LARP at the US Labs, and provides for formal coordination of the US effort with the CERN LHC program. The US-CERN Committee, at its first meeting on 10 April, approved our program plans, as documented in a letter from Lyn Evans.

26. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait26 Summary Program elements: Hardware commissioning (FY 2005-2007). Beam commissioning (FY 2006 – 2009) Advanced beam instrumentation R&D Use LHC as a tool for accelerator physics research. Accelerator physics studies for luminosity upgrade. Magnet R&D for luminosity upgrade. Further effort required to fit the program within the funding guidance... or more funding is required.

27. DOE - 18 Apr 03US LHC Accelerator Research Program - J. Strait27 Summary The LHC is very complex and will be difficult to commission and bring to its full capabilities. The U.S. labs can play an important role in speeding startup and optimizing LHC performance, thereby maximizing the physics return on our large national investment. Adequate and consistent support must be provided to make this happen. The LHC will be the frontier high energy accelerator, offering forefront opportunities for advanced accelerator physics and technology research and development. We need adequate and consistent support to be able to exploit this unique opportunity.