1. Basic Electricity
What You Need to Know

2. Structure of an atom Shell or energy level Proton Neutron Electron
Animate the electrons revolving around the nucleus in their shell
Neutron
Electron

4. Bohr model of the aluminum atom Net charge is neutral or zero
13 P
14 N
Protons = Electrons
13=13
Net charge is neutral or zero

5. Placement of electrons in a copper atom
Complete with 2
Complete with 8
+29
Animate electrons filling each shell in sequence (see Schuler)
Complete with 16
Incomplete with 1

6. Electricity-the flow of free electrons
Valance electron
Positive source
Negative source
Free electron
Animate the free electron flow of the electrons shown in red.
Bound electron

7. Atomic structure of conductors, insulators, and semiconductors
Conductor - 1 to 3
valence electrons
Insulator - full
valence shell
Animate the outer valence shell (shown in blue) for each in sequence
Semiconductor - 4
valence electrons

8. Sources of Electricity
Heat
Light
Pressure
Mechanical Magnetic action

9. - The rate of flow of electrons
CURRENT
- The rate of flow of electrons
Measurement
Point

10. AWG WIRE SIZES The larger the gauge number the smaller
the actual diameter of the conductor.

11. CONDUCTOR FORMS Solid wire Stranded wire Large stranded cable
Lamp cord
Solid wire
Stranded wire
Large stranded cable
Multiconductor cable

12. Ohm’s Law Most Important Law of Electricity
This law outlines the relationship between voltage, current and resistance in an electrical circuit.
Expressed as an equation:
1. I= Current in Amperes
2. E= is the potential difference measured in Volts
3. R= is the resistance measured in Ohms

14. Circuit Protection
Fuses
Circuit breakers

15. Ground Fault Interrupter
Ground fault interrupters are designed to protect from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is a difference in the currents in the "hot" and neutral wires. Such a difference indicates that an abnormal diversion of current from the "hot" wire is occurring. Such a current might be flowing in the ground wire, such as a leakage current from a motor or from capacitors. More importantly, that current diversion may be occurring because a person has come into contact with the "hot" wire and is being shocked. When a circuit is functioning normally, all the return current from an appliance flows through the neutral wire, so the presence of a difference between "hot" and neutral currents represents a malfunction which in some circumstances could produce a dangerous or even lethal shock hazard