1. 1 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 3 Neurologic Complications of Cardiac Surgery John R. Hotson

2. 2 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 3-1 Schematic of an extracorporeal circulation circuit used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. (Modified from Machin D, Allsage C: Principles of cardiopulmonary bypass. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain 6:176, 2006 with permission from Oxford University Press.)

3. 3 Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 3-2 Transesophageal echocardiography of the aorta. A, Normal aorta (Ao), also illustrating the aortic valve (AV) and the takeoff of the right coronary artery (arrow). B, Atherosclerotic plaque protruding into the aorta (arrow). C, Two large thrombi (arrows) associated with atherosclerotic plaque. (Modified from Di Tullio MR, Homma S. Atherosclerotic disease of the proximal aorta. p. 741. In Mohr JP, Wolf PA, Grotta JC, et al (eds): Stroke. 5th Ed. Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2011, with permission from Elsevier.)