1. Violence, Emotion, and Ethnography on Violence

2. What kinds of violence did K’iche Mayans experience? Genocide: killings targeted at a particular ethnic group (Rwanda, Darfur, Bosnia) War: civilians always predominate among the casualties Counterinsurgency: often characterized by widespread use of torture and round-ups of men (Franco & the Spanish Civil War, Shining Path in Peru, Khmer Rouge in Cambodia) Structural violence

6. Structural Violence Johan Galtung (1969): Violence occurs where human beings’ health and psychological wellbeing are affected, are below their potential Thus, child malnutrition or mental retardation due to lead ingestion should be considered a form of violence (Erica Riberas’s question) Not recognized as violence because it is not personal (violence needs an actor who intends it). Galtung proposed the term “structural violence”: how are resources distributed? Where does power lie? Paul Farmer (anthropologist & doctor who works in Haiti): “Structural violence is one way of describing social arrangements that put individuals and populations in harm’s way… The arrangements are structural because they are embedded in the political and economic organization of our social world; they are violent because they cause injury to people.” A very significant concept for public health.

7. In the case of the Maya…. Several hundred years of political, social, and economic domination – What is the language of schools? – Who owns the land? – Who has to provide labor (forced labor)? – Who holds political power? Questions about American Indians by Charles Lavin and Mark Christensen

8. What kinds of violence did K’iche Mayans experience? Thirty years of: Genocide War Counterinsurgency tactics Coming on top of four hundred years of: structural violence Should we add migration as a kind of violence also? Questions by Anthony See, Michelle Palmer, Dana Dilapo

9. What are the effects of violence on the community and individuals?

10. Antonio and his brother who was “disappeared”, p. 229 What is going on here with his emotional reaction?

11. Dionisio’s Story (p. 237ff) Catholic, involved in Catholic Action Became PAC chief (jefe) because did “well” (or badly?) Dropped Catholicism, but did not convert to Evangelical Protestantism Migration to the US in 1989; seven years in textile factory; accident Three days in the hospital The visits, pp. 240-241, pp. 244-245 The meanings, – p. 242, p. 243, pp. 246-247

12. What are some ways to deal with this trauma?

13. The majority of Mayans did not participate in official reconciliation and memory projects, p. 209: Why?

14. Doing Fieldwork after Violence: How is Foxen perceived by K’iche Maya?

15. Doing Fieldwork after Violence: Did she get good information?

16. Doing Fieldwork after Violence: What are the ethical issues? Should she have done this research?