1. Loops in CF Sandra Clark Senior Software Developer Constella Group sclark@constellagroup.com

2. 2 Introduction Loops - many types Many uses

3. 3 Loop Types Here is what we will be covering:  For Loops  While Loops  Query Loops  List Loops More advanced loops not covered:  Structure Loops  COM Loops

4. 4 What to use loops for Use FOR loops when you know exactly how many times a set of statements should be executed Use LIST loops when you want to loop over something other than numbers Use WHILE loops when you want to execute a set of statements as long as a condition is True Use QUERY loops when you want to repeat for all records in a query.

5. 5 Loop uses Repeating HTML Processing text Outputing queries Nested Loops Breaking out of loops Banding report lines

6. 6 1.1 FOR Loops “FOR NEXT” loop <CFLOOP INDEX="parameter_name" FROM="beginning_value" TO="ending_value" STEP="increment"> Lines to repeat Is INDEX LT TO? If so loop INDEX = FROM INDEX = INDEX + STEP

7. 7 FOR CFLOOP Parameters INDEX -name of variable that controls loop execution FROM - starting loop value TO - ending loop value STEP – controls amount index variable is incremented (or decremented) in each loop iteration Note: Loop may execute zero times if backwards - for example FROM 2 TO 1

8. 8 FOR Loop Example 1 The loop index is #LoopCount#. (Assume inside CFOUTPUT tags) This produces…. The loop index is 5. The loop index is 4. The loop index is 3. The loop index is 2. The loop index is 1. Must have CFOUTPUT

9. 9 FOR Loop Example 2 HTML list boxes of hours that goes from 0 to 23 #hour#

10. 10 Nested Loop Example List box with all the hours and minutes of the day. #hour#:#minute# This is 1440 items! Not a good idea for a real site

11. 11 1.2 WHILE Loops “DO WHILE” loop #dice# Is condition true? If so loop again Final loop run has condition false! Same syntax as CFIF conditions

12. 12 WHILE Loop details FOR and LIST loops are executed a certain number of times WHILE loops are executed while a condition is true Statements to loop through

13. 13 WHILE Loop Parameters WHILE Loops CONDITION contains a logical expression that is evaluated before each loop iteration As long as CONDITION is true – the loop is executed Tip - Make sure you change the values of variables used in CONDITION expression in the loop body – otherwise infinite loop!

14. 14 Conditional operators GT, LT, GTE, LTE, EQ, NEQ, IS, CONTAINS are the relational operators supported by ColdFusion (don’t use > etc because CFML uses >) AND, OR, NOT are the logical operators supported by ColdFusion Use ()s to group expressions

15. 15 Operator precedence () IS, EQ, NEQ, LT, LE, GT, GE, CONTAINS NOT AND OR

16. 16 CFBREAK CFBREAK exits the current loop #StopIt# More code here

17. 17 1.3 Query Loops CFOUTPUT CFLOOP CFMAIL

18. 18 CFOUTPUT Query Loop SELECT Email FROM Customer #GetEmail.Email# Variable available: –Queryname.currentrow –Queryname.recordcount Any records left? If so loop again Start at first record

19. 19 CFLOOP Query Loop SELECT Email FROM Customer #GetEmail.Email# Any records left? If so loop again Start at first record CFOUTPUT required

20. 20 CFMAIL loop Send one email for each record in the query SELECT Email FROM Customer <CFMAIL QUERY="GetEmail" TO="#GetEmail.Email#" FROM="info@mycompany.com" SUBJECT=“Test” SERVER="smtp.mycompany.com"> Hi There Any records left? If so loop again Start at first record

21. 21 Nested Query Loop Example SELECT Email, SecurityLevel FROM Customer SELECT EmailText, EmailSubject FROM Messages WHERE SecurityLevel = #GetEmail.SecurityLevel# <CFMAIL QUERY="GetText" TO="#GetEmail.Email#" FROM="info@mycompany.com" SUBJECT="#GetText.EmailSubject#" SERVER="smtp.mycompany.com">#GetText.EmailText#

22. 22 Other recordsets You can loop over record sets from other tags than CFQUERY: CFDIRECTORY – file list CFPOP – read email CFSEARCH – Verity text search CFLDAP – LDAP records CFWDDX

23. 23 1.4 List Loops “FOR EACH” loop <CFLOOP INDEX="ListElement" LIST="#form.state#" DELIMITERS=","> #ListElement# –Other delimiters than comma are allowed Any items left in list? If so loop again Start at first item in list

24. 24 How list loops work LIST loops allow you to list the values for the control variable instead of computing them as in the FOR loop <CFLOOP INDEX=“list_variable” LIST=“value_list”> Statements to loop through

25. 25 List Loop parameters INDEX - variable that controls loop execution LIST - a list of comma separated values INDEX is assigned the values in list one at a time as the loop executes DELIMITERS – optional to give a delimiter other than comma

26. 26 List Loop example List local states <CFLOOP INDEX=“StateName” LIST=“MD, VA, DC”> #StateName# Produces…. MD VA DC

27. 27 Text file as a “list” Text file processing by line can be done using lists Read in text file using CFFILE Use CR as delimiter The list elements are now the lines in the file.

28. 28 Read text file code #line# Count lines is #ListLen(text_file,"#CHR(13)#")#

29. 29 1.5 Structure Loops Loop over all people in the Department #person#, #StructFind(Departments, person#) Any items left in structure? If so loop again Start at first item in structure

30. 30 1.6 COM Loops FOR EACH OBJECT Loops #file2.name#

31. 31 CFSCRIPT Loops CFScript is a JavaScript like language that provides the standard looping features of CFML plus a few more looping features For While Do-while For-in CFScript also includes the continue and break statements that control loop processing.

32. 32 CFSCRIPT Loops syntax FOR loop for (inital-expression; test-expression; final-expression) statement WHILE loop while (expression) statement UNTIL loop – evaluates condition at end of loop do statement while (expression);

33. 33 More CFSCRIPT loops Structure loop for (variable in structure) statement The continue statement tells ColdFusion to skip to the beginning of the next loop iteration. The break statement exits the current loop or case statement. Similar to Note: Still use LTE etc for conditionals in CFSCRIPT and not the JavaScript <

34. 34 CFSCRIPT for for (inital-expression; test-expression; final-expression) statement Evaluates the initial expression. Evaluates the test-expression. If the test-expression is False, exits the loop and processing continues following the statement.If the test-expression is True: –Executes the statement (or statement block). –Evaluates the final-expression. –Loops

35. 35 for loop example Assign array a(1) =1 etc for(index=1; index LT 10; index = index + 1) a[index]=index;

36. 36 Infinite for loop example Search for key using break to stop infinite loop indx=0; for( ; ; ) { indx=indx+1; if(Find("key",strings[indx],1)) { WriteOutput("Found key at " & indx & ". "); break; } else if (indx IS ArrayLen(strings)) { WriteOutput("Exited at " & indx & ". "); break; } }

37. 37 Resources CFDOCS Ben Forta Books http://www.cfug-md.org/articles/introCF-4-Lists.cfm http://www.houseoffusion.com

38. 38 Questions sclark@constellagroup.com