1. Civil User Benefits of the Modernized Global Positioning System Office of Space Commercialization U.S. Department of Commerce August 2000

2. Current Users: Basic to Mid-Range Current Users: High End Future Users

3. Basic Positioning: Before May 2000 C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1 Selective AvailabilitySelective Availability 25-100 m

4. Basic Positioning: Today C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1 No Selective AvailabilityNo Selective Availability 10-20 m

5. Basic Positioning: By 2009 C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1 C/A Code on L2C/A Code on L2 5-10 m

6. Basic Positioning: By 2013 C/A Code on L1C/A Code on L1 C/A Code on L2C/A Code on L2 New Code on L5New Code on L5 1-5 m Better resistance to interference

7. Cost of Higher Precision GPS Will Drop Dramatically Basic GPS will replace DGPS for many applications, eliminating cost of:Basic GPS will replace DGPS for many applications, eliminating cost of: –DGPS receivers –Commercial DGPS base stations –Commercial DGPS services Volume of receiver sales will surge, leading to lower unit costsVolume of receiver sales will surge, leading to lower unit costs DGPS/NDGPS integrity monitoring will still be required for safety-of-life navigation systemsDGPS/NDGPS integrity monitoring will still be required for safety-of-life navigation systems

8. Examples of Higher Precision Applications Fleet Management Intelligent Vehicle Systems Positive Train Control Mineral & Resource Exploration Public Safety & Services

9. Current Users: High End Current Users: Basic to Mid-Range Future Users

10. Real-Time Kinematic: Today L1 Code and CarrierL1 Code and Carrier L2 CarrierL2 Carrier Data LinkData Link 10 km 2 cm accuracy

11. Real-Time Kinematic: Tomorrow L1 Code and CarrierL1 Code and Carrier L2 Code and CarrierL2 Code and Carrier L5 Code and CarrierL5 Code and Carrier Data LinkData Link 100+ km Faster recovery following signal interruptions (ex., under bridges) 2 cm accuracy

12. Cost of RTK Will Drop Dramatically Increased RTK range means fewer base stations will be neededIncreased RTK range means fewer base stations will be needed DGPS/NDGPS reference stations could conceivably be converted to RTK stations, enabling free, nationwide RTKDGPS/NDGPS reference stations could conceivably be converted to RTK stations, enabling free, nationwide RTK Increased volume of sales will lower unit cost of RTK systemsIncreased volume of sales will lower unit cost of RTK systems Commercial RTK base stations will still be required for some applicationsCommercial RTK base stations will still be required for some applications

13. Examples of RTK Applications Survey, Mapping, GIS Open Pit Mining Precision Agriculture Construction

14. Marine surveys will be possible at greater distances from the shoreMarine surveys will be possible at greater distances from the shore Increased Range of RTK Will Enable Its Use in New Places

15. Current Users: High End Current Users: Basic to Mid-Range Future Users

16. Improved Accuracy of Basic GPS Will Enable New Applications Small size of standalone receivers will allow GPS to be used where DGPS is not practicalSmall size of standalone receivers will allow GPS to be used where DGPS is not practical –Handheld navigation for the blind –Animal tracking –Tracking of children, elderly The public craves higher GPS accuracy and will certainly develop creative new uses for itThe public craves higher GPS accuracy and will certainly develop creative new uses for it GPS in a golf ball?

17. Better Signal & Protection of L5 Will Enable New Navigation Capabilities Aviation Space Transportation Maritime

18. Availability of Three Signals Will Enable New Scientific Techniques Space-BasedAtmosphericStudies Ocean Surface Mapping via GPS Reflection New Uses of Very High Precision Timing

19. Conclusion Cost of existing high precision GPS and RTK applications will drop dramaticallyCost of existing high precision GPS and RTK applications will drop dramatically Volume of existing applications will increaseVolume of existing applications will increase Many new applications will be enabledMany new applications will be enabled User benefits of GPS modernization are clear, though hard to quantify economicallyUser benefits of GPS modernization are clear, though hard to quantify economically