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Presentation on theme: "Copyright © The OWASP Foundation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the OWASP License. The OWASP."— Presentation transcript:

1 Copyright © The OWASP Foundation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the OWASP License. The OWASP Foundation OWASP Day http://www.owasp.org The Owasp Orizon Project - Internals and hands on Paolo Perego Owasp Orizon Project Leader Spike Reply thesp0nge@owasp.org 31st March 2008

2 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March 2 Agenda  some infos before we start...  the Owasp Orizon internals  so, next?

3 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March $ whoami  Senior Security Consultant @ Spike Reply Srl  penetration testing  secure application building  code review & source code assessment  Owasp Orizon Project leader  Active member in  Owasp Italy  Owasp Code Review Project 3

4 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March Kickoff  A lot of commercial solutions are available for code reviewing  good in finding bugs  skilled support  expensive  Few open source solutions are available too  small number of security checks  good support from open source community  open 4 Why do I need Orizon?

5 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March Some infos before we start…  In 2007...  more than 27.000 hits to http://orizon.sourceforge.net http://orizon.sourceforge.net  more than 700 downloads for Orizon package releases  v 0.50 downloaded 101 times in 3 months  In 2008…  v 0.60 downloaded approx 90 times in a month and an half  15 February, v0.70 was released and it’s as far from today the most downloaded Orizon version (approx. 100 downloads) 5

6 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals  Few things to remember  Orizon is a framework, it is not a tool  details are hidden for developers  1 or 2 public classes for each engine  few public available methods  engines are intended to be used in stock  framework is in development  Most criticisms are related to  lack of documentation  lack of usage examples  missing framework design overview 6

7 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: the stack 7 XML Translator engine Jericho engineDawn engine Reporting engine Preprocessing Code reviewing Reporting Crawler engine Code crawling

8 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: XML translation  Source file needs to be translated to XML before review  Translator is an abstract class  for every supported language Translator class must be implemented accordingly  protected abstract boolean translate(); 8

9 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: XML translation  Developers (Orizon users)  don’t need to understand Translator class  just need to call translate() method from Java2XML, CSharp2XML,...  Developers (Orizon hackers)  need to describe new programming language in some way  need to implement Translator class and translate() 9

10 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: XML translation 10 import org.owasp.orizon.java.Java2XML; // java 2 xml translation... Java2XML j2xml = new Java2XML(fileName); if (!j2xml.exists()) { System.err.println("input file does not exist. Giving up."); return ; } if (j2xml.mustTranslate()) { if (!j2xml.translate()) { System.err.println(fileName + ": translation failed"); System.exit(-1); } System.out.println(j2xml.getOutputFilename() + " created"); } else System.out.println("XML file is up to date”);

11 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: XML translation 11 public class uno { public String a; private int b; public uno() { a = new String(); b = 2; } public uno(String a, int b) { this(); setA(a); setB(b); } public boolean areEqualBad(String b) { if (a==b) return true; else return false; } public boolean areEqualGood(String b) { if (a.equal(b)) return true; else return false; } public void setA(String a) { this.a = a; } public void setB(int b) { this.b = b; } thesp0nge@owasp.org XML Class preamble with some stats... Uncommented code... mmmh... this is no good! { a = new String(); b = 2; } This class has no modifiers but it has two fields: a public String variable named a a private int variable named b In the body we found two assignments. { if (a == b) return true; else return false; } true false This method contains a security violation... where?

12 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: crawling  Owasp Code Review project introduced source code crawling in its check list  A quick source code review can be granted  Orizon v0.70 introduced  org.owasp.orizon.crawler package  An abstract source code crawling class  A set of dangerous keywords for Java and C# in default library  Major drawback: false positives 12

13 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: crawling  AbstractCrawler  read(): reads the XML file containing the desired keyword list  check (): performs a pattern matching search over a specified file  getReport(): returns a report with found keywords if any  To use the crawler developers needs to implements AbstractCrawler  JavaCrawler and CSharpCrawler exists 13

14 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: crawling 14 package org.owasp.orizon.java; import org.owasp.orizon.core.OrizonCons; import org.owasp.orizon.crawler.AbstractCrawler; public class JavaCrawler extends AbstractCrawler { public JavaCrawler(String xmlFile) { super(xmlFile, OrizonCons.O_JAVA); super.read(); } JavaCrawler class jC = new JavaCrawler("dangerous_java_keywords.xml"); if (jC.crawl(filename)) { r = jC.getReport(); if (r != null) { PlainFormatter p = new PlainFormatter(); r.report(p); } } else System.out.println("no dangerous keyword found during crawling"); JavaCrawler class usage sample. Developers just need to call crawl() method…

15 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March DEMO Arachne: a source code crawling tool based upon Orizon 15

16 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: static review  org.owasp.orizon.core.Source.read()  initialize Jericho engine  initialize Dawn engine  adding XML nodes to Jericho engine  org.owasp.orizon.core.Source.review()  loop for security checks  add check to Jericho engine  call Jericho check() method 16

17 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: static review  org.owasp.orizon.jericho.Jericho.check()  most important method  return true if a security violation has been found  it must be called from Source class due to read() method interoperability 17 public boolean check() { boolean ret = false; long startScan = 0, endScan = 0; if (!isInitialized()) return false; if (!checkLoaded) { log.error("aiee, load a check before with add() method"); return false; } startScan = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); if (statLoaded) ret ^= s.check(c); if (equals != null) ret ^= equals.check(c); if (imports != null && imports.length != 0) ret ^= loop(c, new Import()); if (classes != null && classes.length != 0) ret ^= loop(c, new Class()); if (methods != null && methods.length != 0) ret ^= loop(c, new Method()); ret ^= overlook(); endScan = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis(); report.setScanMillis(endScan - startScan); return (!(ret ^ c.getPositiveFail())); }

18 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: library  The security library  is a ZIP file  contains one or more XML files  is used during static code review  A default library is provided  Developers can write their own library as well 18 import org.owasp.orizon.library.*;... DefaultLibrary dl = new DefaultLibrary("C:\\Users\\thesp0nge\\Src\\orizon_test_files");... if (!dl.exists()) { System.err.println("missing " + dl.getFullName()+", rebuilding it"); if (!dl.create()) { System.err.println("can't create orizon default library"); dl.clean(); System.exit(-1); } dl.clean(); System.out.println(dl.getFullName()+": created"); } int recipeCount = dl.index(); for (int count = 0; count < recipeCount; count++) { String rName = dl.getRecipeName(count); if (!dl.extract(rName)) { System.err.println("can't extract " + rName); System.exit(-1); } r = new Recipe(rName); r.dispose(); } // for (int count = 0; count < recipeCount; count++)

19 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: recipes  The XML files  are called recipes  contain security checks  contain a checksum to prevent tampering  can contain encoded attack patterns 19 Recipes are divided in families...... with a name...... and a description. They could be applied to specific programming languages...... but they require a specific Orizon version. They can be used in dynamic code review...... or static code review. Each recipe has a CRC code to prevent it from tampering

20 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: security checks 20 safe coding recipe Jericho engine Code reviewing XML Translator engine Preprocessing Every check has got...... a unique identifier...... a severity level saying if it is an error or just a warning...... an impact level about how dangerous is this security violation...... and a description. A flag is also present telling if the security violation occurs when rule are matched (false) or not (true). Of course a security check is present as well... This check says that if a Java class with an arbitrary name has got a scope different than private or public a security violation occurred. This violation is an error but with a low impact.

21 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: security checks 21... If a variable is an instance of Math.Random then an high impact error occurs. SecureRandom class has to be used instead If a class extends ClassLoader then an high impact error occurs because malicious classes can be loaded through custom class loaders Two Strings must not be compared using arithmetic operator, a ClassCastException can occur

22 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March { if (a == b) return true; else return false; } true false The Owasp Orizon Internals: review applied 22 This method contains a security violation... where?... a class cast exception can occur comparing two objects with an arithmetical operator. Orizon is able to guess data type of both operands. For a variable is simple, for a method it will be the data type returned by the method itself.

23 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March DEMO Milk: a Java source code review tool based upon Orizon 23

24 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: dynamic review  Developers need only to change a flag when calling Source.review()  Dawn parameters are the recipe to apply and the working directory to create helpers  An helper is created for each method in the source file being checked  The helper is a Java program that invokes the method giving its command line as argument 24

25 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: dynamic review 25 import org.owasp.orizon.core.Source; import org.owasp.orizon.report.*; // xml file reading Source s = new Source(j2xml.getOutputFilename(), "."+File.separator); s.read(); for (int count = 0; count < recipeCount; count++) { String rName = dl.getRecipeName(count); if (!dl.extract(rName)) { System.err.println("can't extract " + rName); System.exit(-1); } r = new Recipe(rName); org.owasp.orizon.report.Report report = s.review(r, true); if (report != null) { PlainFormatter p = new PlainFormatter(); report.report(p); } r.dispose(); } // for (int count = 0; count < recipeCount; count++) Static code review Dynamic code review import org.owasp.orizon.core.Source; import org.owasp.orizon.report.*; // xml file reading Source s = new Source(j2xml.getOutputFilename(), "."+File.separator); s.read(); for (int count = 0; count < recipeCount; count++) { String rName = dl.getRecipeName(count); if (!dl.extract(rName)) { System.err.println("can't extract " + rName); System.exit(-1); } r = new Recipe(rName); org.owasp.orizon.report.Report report = s.review(r, false); if (report != null) { PlainFormatter p = new PlainFormatter(); report.report(p); } r.dispose(); } // for (int count = 0; count < recipeCount; count++)

26 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: dynamic review  Helper is executed passing attack patterns as arguments  Helper output is collected and examined to understand how the method reacts to attack pattern  Dynamic code review concerns about:  cross site scripting attacks  sql injection attacks  unexpected inputs  null values  empty strings, negative integers,... 26

27 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals: dynamic review 27 Source file method A method B Method A helper method A main() Method B helper method B main() Method A helper method A main() Attack patterns: “/> alert(‘xss here’); ‘ or 1=1; --... Evaluating output: are input strings filtered? are unhandled exceptions raised?...

28 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Internals  org.owasp.orizon.report package  Report is returned back to calling program with security checks that failed  Formatters are provided in order to take a Report and printing it out in:  plain text  file  XML + XSL  Next actions are to improve the number of report ouput format 28

29 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March The Owasp Orizon Project: the roadmap 29 March 2008Orizon v0.80 Source code crawling Reports can be saved to file May 2008 @ AppSec EU Conference (Belgium) Orizon v0.90 A surprise that will make Orizon even more extensible… June 2008Orizon v0.99 C# will be supported API's freeze Source code review and cleanup Documentation review July 2008Orizon v1.0rc1 Bug fixes Source code review and cleanup Documentation review September 2008 @ Owasp SOC ‘08 Orizon v1.0rc2 Bug fixes Source code review and cleanup Owasp Orizon Guide released as book 2 nd October 2008Orizon v1.0rc32 nd birthday party, also code reviewers want to have fun October 2008 @ AppSec NY Conference Orizon v1.0A surprise that will make Orizon a tiny swiss army knife

30 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March some links before we leave…  Orizon site: http://orizon.sourceforge.nethttp://orizon.sourceforge.net  Orizon blog: http://blogs.owasp.org/orizonhttp://blogs.owasp.org/orizon  Orizon page @ Owasp: http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWA SP_Orizon_Project http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWA SP_Orizon_Project  Milk site (for milk and arachne): http://milk.sourceforge.net http://milk.sourceforge.net  Contact me: thesp0nge@owasp.org 30

31 OWASP - Italy Owasp Day II 2008, Roma 31st March 31 Q&A

32 Copyright © The OWASP Foundation Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the OWASP License. The OWASP Foundation OWASP Day http://www.owasp.org The Owasp Orizon Project - Internals and hands on Paolo Perego Owasp Orizon Project Leader Spike Reply thesp0nge@owasp.org 31 March 2008

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