1. distance (nm) force (nN) Force Curve in Ethanol

2. 1  m 01234 0 2 4 6 8 distance (  m) height (nm) Gold Substrate with C12 Alkanethiol SAMs

3. 200 nm 020406080 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 distance (0m) height (nm) 100 1.0 1.2 Nanoshaving with C12 Alkanethiol SAMs

4. 2  2  m 2 3  3  m 2 Nanoshaving with C12 Alkanethiol SAMs

5. phasetopography N-6 aminohexylaminotrimethoxysilane on Si surface produced using particle lithography

6. phase topography 3D view of topography CNi 3 Nanotubes on glass surface

7. phasetopography

8. 250 nm phasetopography 2,2’-carboranyldithiophene (ortho substituted) on Indium Tin oxide surface