1. The central idea or message of a text – View about life and how people behave – Broad idea/message about life, society, or human nature Usually implied (not explicitly stated) Explores timeless and universal ideas Differs from the subject or topic of a literary work in that it is a statement Subject = topic – Example: Racism Theme = statement/opinion about that topic – Example: Racism is immoral.

2. 1.Character’s Actions 2.Characters’ feelings 3.What the character(s) learn 4.Thoughts and conversation

3. Ideas and feelings are naturally expressed through actions What does an action "say“? How does the action express an idea or theme?

4. Emotions can be stated or implied – How does the character feel? – How does the character make us feel? What ideas do these feelings or emotions reflect?

5. Main character usually illustrates the most important theme of the story What does the main character learn in the course of the story? What new knowledge or insight is gained?

6. Authors put words in their character’s mouths only for good reasons. The things a person says are frequently on their mind. Look for thoughts that are repeated throughout the story.

7. The theme of a work of literature is always a statement… NOT just a word. What statement does the author seem to be making about people, society, government, life, etc.? Never a question “Is love the most important thing in life?” ^ NOT A THEME ^ “Love is the most important thing in life.” ^ A THEME! ^

8. Example: Romeo and Juliet Theme Statement: Long term unresolved conflict between families leads to disaster. Proof: The street fight between in the first scene causes a riot and destruction of property. The fight between Mercutio and Tybalt leads to their deaths. Romeo’s banishment for killing Tybalt leads to two suicides, a murder and heart attack. Here is where plot comes in o What examples from the story prove the theme statement? o Use specific references and quotes from the text that prove your statement is true.

9. You should resolve all conflicts. Great sacrifices are made in the name of love. Romeo killed Tybalt in revenge for Mercutio’s death. Poor decisions are often made impulsively. Blind loyalty causes foolish behavior.

10. EXIT SLIP What is one recurring theme you see in chapter 1-5 of Huck Finn? – Remember, this should be a STATEMENT… not just one word!