1. Pages 467 - 488 Ch. 14 – Acids, Bases, & Salts

2. Properties  Taste Sour.  Can sting skin if open (cut).  React with metals to produce H 2 gas.  Disassociate in water to produce ions that conduct electricity. (ELECTROLYTE)  Acids cause indicators to change color. Blue litmus paper turns red!

3. Properties  Taste Bitter.  Feel slippery to touch.  Do not react with metals.  Disassociate in water to produce ions that conduct electricity. (ELECTROLYTE)  Bases cause indicators to change color. Red litmus paper turns blue!

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5. Arrhenius AcidsArrhenius Acids form hydrogen ions (H + ) HCl (hydrochloric acid)HCl (hydrochloric acid) HNO 3 (nitric acid)HNO 3 (nitric acid) HC 2 H 3 O 2 (acetic acid)HC 2 H 3 O 2 (acetic acid) H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid)H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid) H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid)H 2 CO 3 (carbonic acid) H 3 PO 4 (phosphoric acid)H 3 PO 4 (phosphoric acid) Definitions

6. Arrhenius BasesArrhenius Bases form hydroxide ions (OH - ) NaOH (sodium hydroxide)NaOH (sodium hydroxide) KOH (potassium hydroxide)KOH (potassium hydroxide) Mg(OH) 2 (magnesium hydroxide)Mg(OH) 2 (magnesium hydroxide) Ca(OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide)Ca(OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide) Ba(OH) 2 (barium hydroxide)Ba(OH) 2 (barium hydroxide) OH! It’s a base! Definitions

7.  Always produce water & a salt. & HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER

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9. Definitions  Brønsted-Lowry HCl + H 2 O  Cl – + H 3 O + AcidsAcids are hydrogen ion (H + ) donors. BasesBases are hydrogen ion (H + ) acceptors. baseacid

10. Brønsted-Lowry Acids & Bases

11. Definitions  Types of Acids: Monoprotic AcidsMonoprotic Acids – have 1 proton to donate. Diprotic AcidsDiprotic Acids – have 2 protons to donate. Triprotic AcidsTriprotic Acids – have 3 protons to donate. HCl, HNO 3, HF H 2 SO 4, H 2 CO 3, H 2 S H 3 PO 4

12. Conjugate Acid – Base Pairs  When a base gains a proton, it becomes its conjugate acid.  When an acid loses a proton, it becomes its conjugate base. HCl + H 2 O  Cl – + H 3 O + conjugate acid conjugate base baseacid

13. Conjugate Acid – Base Pairs  Pairs are joined together by the loss and gain of a proton.  Acid & Base – Reactants side.  Conjugate Base & Conjugate Acid – Products side. NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 + + OH - acid base conjugate acid conjugate base

14. Conjugate Acid – Base Pairs

15. Strength of Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs The stronger the acid … The weaker its conjugate base. The weaker its conjugate acid. The stronger the base …

16. What part does water play? H 2 O + HNO 3  H 3 O + + NO 3 – AcidBase

17. What part does water play? can act as an acid or a base.  Water is amphoteric: can act as an acid or a base. NH 3 + H 2 O  NH 4 + + OH - BaseAcid

18.  Neutralize each other in what is called a Neutralization Reaction. &

19. Hydronium Ion Produced when an acid dissociates in water and the water picks up the hydrogen ion. H3O+H3O+ H HHHH H Cl OO – +