1. Chapter 2: Athletic Training

2. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 2 Athletic Training  The rendering of specialized care to individuals involved in exercise and athletics  Recognized by AMA as allied health profession

3. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 3 Certified Athletic Trainers  Professionals who have attained certification in the field of athletic training  The ATC is involved in the prevention, recognition, & evaluation of injuries & works closely with others in rehabilitation from injuries

4. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 4 Title IX  Federal legislation in effect since 1972  Title IX prohibits discrimination in school athletic participation on the basis of sex.  The result of Title IX has been a tremendous increase in female athletic participation, creating an even greater need for qualified certified athletic trainers.

5. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5 History & Development  Athletic training dates back to the gladiators of Ancient Rome (Galen)  Athletic training as we know it came about in late 19 th century with the firm establishment of intercollegiate & interscholastic sports  1950 the NATA was formed, establishing professional standards for the athletic trainer

6. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 6 History & Development, cont.  Not recognized until 1991 by AMA as an allied health profession –Any area of health care that contributes to or assists the professions of physical medicine, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy & podiatry  Athletic training will continue to evolve as long as athletes continue to compete & injuries continue to occur  Athletic training will outpace many other professions

7. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 7 Qualifications  Certified athletic trainers must remain calm in emergency situations and be able to communicate effectively with an injured athlete.  ATCs must be willing to work beyond the typical work day & often exceed 40 hours per week.

8. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8 Skills  Certified athletic trainers should possess –Problem-solving abilities –Deductive reasoning skills –Good judgment –Good decision-making skills –Proficient knowledge of anatomy and physiology

9. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 9 Skills (cont.)  Certified athletic trainers should possess –Proficiency in First Aid –Motor skills –Communication skills –Ability to work with people –Ability to work under stressful conditions –Ability to maintain poise in emergencies

10. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 10 Tasks  Certified athletic trainer duties include –Analyzing injuries –Taping and bandaging –Implementing exercise and rehabilitation programs –Monitoring rehabilitative programs

11. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 11 Tasks (cont.)  Certified athletic trainer duties include –Demonstrating physical and rehabilitative movements –Using various modalities and training equipment –Recording, organizing, and storing information on injuries and rehabilitation

12. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 12 NATA  The National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) has been in operation since 1950 and is the largest professional organization for certified athletic trainers in the United States.  See http://www.nata.org on the Internet.

13. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 13 NATA-BOC  The certifying organization for athletic trainers in the United States.  Determines the primary tasks for athletic trainers & developed competencies required of educational programs & students to become certified

14. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 14 Code of Conduct  ACTs must abide by the rules and procedures of their certifying organization.  They must also abide by requirements established by the state legislature.  Failure to abide by these rules and regulations may result in disciplinary action or termination.

15. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 15 Educational Requirements  A bachelor’s degree in athletic training, health, physical education, or exercise science  Training in anatomy, physiology, nutrition, psychology, and biomechanics  Clinical experiences under appropriate supervision

16. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16 Certification  Certifying body is NATA-BOC  Certification exam consists of multiple-choice questions, skills assessment, and simulations.  Beginning in 2007, exam is completely computerized  Successful completion of exam allows athletic trainers to use designation “ATC”

17. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17 Six Practice Domains  Prevention  Recognition, evaluation, assessment  Immediate care  Treatment, rehabilitation, reconditioning  Organization and administration  Professional development and responsibility

18. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18 Injury Prevention & Management –Ensuring appropriate training & conditioning of the athlete. –Monitoring environmental conditions to ensure safe participation –Selecting, properly fitting, and maintaining protective equipment –Making certain that the athlete is eating properly –Making sure the athlete is using meds right. –Educating parents, coaches, and athletes about risks

19. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 19 Recognition, Evaluation & Assessment of Injuries Physical Exams Understanding Pathology Referring to medical care Referring to support services PPE: measure height, weight, BP, body composition Understand time frame for healing process After initial management of injury Psychological & Social services On-field: HOPS, SOAP Create environment conducive to healing For further evaluation and accurate diagnosis Develop plan for appropriate intervention

20. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 20 Immediate Care of Injuries  Administer appropriate first aid before referring to physician  Emergency care should be established with EMS prior to start of season/school year.

21. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 21 Treatment, Rehabilitation & Reconditioning  Designing rehabilitation programs: –Incorporate therapeutic modalities & therapeutic exercise  Supervising rehab. Programs: –ATCs tend to have a better knowledge of functional activities  Incorporating therapeutic modalities: –Can enhance athlete’s chances for a safe & rapid RTP. –Useful to reduce pain  Offer Psychosocial interaction: –Understand the psyche of the athlete.

22. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22 Organization & Administration  Record keeping  Ordering Equipment & supplies  Supervising personnel  Establishing policies for operation of an athletic training program

23. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 23 Professional Development & Responsibility  Educator –Student Athletic Trainers –Athletes –Parents –General Public –Other Allied Health Professions  Counselor –Explaining nature of a specific injury & how it affects game. –Develop respect & trust  Continuing Education –Req. @ 25 hours/per year

24. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 24 Employment Settings  Secondary Schools  School Districts  Colleges & universities  Professional sports  Sports Medicine clinics  Industrial settings  Military/Government

25. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 25 Secondary Schools  Usually in faculty- trainer position  Compensation based on –Released time from teaching –Stipend as coach  Grad. Assistants from local colleges are also utilized  Provide limited coverage

26. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 26 School Districts  Centrally placed ATC  May be full- or part- time  Non-teacher who serves several schools  Advantage = savings  Disadvantage = lack or adequate coverage or service

27. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 27 Colleges/Univerisites  Small Institutions –Part-time teacher, part-time athletic trainer –Also provide coverage to intramurals & club programs –Long hours, limited resources  Major Institutions –Full-time athletic trainer –Works only for department of athletics –Long hours! –Abundance of resources, personnel

28. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 28 Sports Medicine Clinics  More ATCs employed in this setting than in any other  Varies from clinic to clinic— –Most ATCs treat patients with sports-related injuries in AM, contract out to high schools in PM –Salaries are typically slightly higher than in more traditional settings.  May be responsible for marketing of sports medicine program

29. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 29 Professional Teams  Perform specific team athletic training duties for 6 months per year.  Works with only 1 team, or organization  Under contract, similar to a player

30. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 30 Industrial/Military  Becoming common in for ATCs to work in a prevention role  Oversee fitness and injury rehabilitation programs for employees  Must understand the concepts behind ergonomics  May be assigned to conduct wellness programs & provide education & individual counseling  Also employed by federal law enforcement agencies (I.e., FBI, CIA, DEA)

31. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 31 Athlete’s Bill of Rights  Have fun through sports  Participate @ level = maturity level  Qualified adult leadership  Participate in a safe & healthy environment  Competent care & treatment of injuries  Share the leadership & decision making of their sport  Participate regardless of ability & income  Proper preparation for participation  Equal opportunity to strive for success  Be treated with dignity  Say “no”

32. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 32 Liability & Risk Management  Hippocratic Oath: “I will use treatment to help the sick according to my ability & judgment, but I will never use it to injure or wrong them.”  Anyone who works outside his/her scope of practice & expertise can be found negligent & therefore, liable for his/her actions

33. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 33 Liability & Risk Management  Liability –Being legally responsible for the harm one causes another person  Negligence –Failure to use ordinary or reasonable care –Standard of reasonable care: an individual will act according to the care somebody of equal training & experience would use.  Torts: legal wrongs committed against a person –Act of omission: individual fails to perform a legal duty –Act of commission: individual commits an act that is not legally his/her to perform  Statutes of Limitation –Specific length of time that individuals may sue for damages

34. Copyright ©2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 34 Liability & Risk Management, cont.  To avoid possible lawsuits, ATCs should: –Work within the scope of knowledge & expertise –Keep proper documentation & maintain accurate records –Follow proper training room rules & procedures –Always have adequate training room supervision –Keep in close contact with coaches, administration, & parents of athletes