1. USING SMOS POLARIMETRIC BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES TO CORRECT FOR ROUGH SURFACE EMISSION BEFORE SALINITY INVERSION

2. COMBINING HORIZONTALLY AND VERTICALLY POLARIZED BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES TO REMOVE SSS DEPENDENCE

3. The relative sensitivities of horizontally and vertically polarized brightness temperatures to changes in salinity and wind speed are different at large incidence angles. We will exploit this difference to derive the wind from a linear combination of Th and Tv that is insensitive to salinity changes and then use this wind to derive salinity using the first Stokes parameter.

5. IMPACT OF THE METHOD ON THE ANNUAL AVERAGE SURFACE SALINITY

6. IMPACT OF USING SMOS-DERIVED WIND SPEED 2011 mean surface wind field from ECMWF modeling system

7. IMPACT OF USING SMOS-DERIVED WIND SPEED 2011 mean surface wind field derived from SMOS polarimetry. Wind speeds are lower by up to several m/s than ECMWF along the equator.

8. 2011 Retrieved SSS – Climatology using ECMWF 10-m wind speed Ascending Passes Only IMPACT OF USING SMOS-DERIVED WIND SPEED

9. 2011 Retrieved SSS – Climatology using SMOS-derived wind speed Ascending Passes Only

10. ZOOM ON EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC

11. IMPACT OF USING SMOS-DERIVED WIND SPEED 2011 mean surface wind field from ECMWF modeling system

12. IMPACT OF USING SMOS-DERIVED WIND SPEED 2011 mean surface wind field derived from SMOS polarimetry. Wind speeds are lower by up to several m/s than ECMWF along the equator.

13. IMPACT OF USING SMOS-DERIVED WIND SPEED When ECMWF wind is used to correct for rough surface emission too much brightness is subtracted, resulting in retrieved salinity that is biased high.

14. IMPACT OF USING SMOS-DERIVED WIND SPEED This bias is removed by using the wind speed derived from SMOS brightness temperatures: