1. Exploring American History Unit VII – Beginning of Modern America Chapter 21 - The Progressive Spirit of Reform Section 4- The Progressive Presidents

2. The Progressive Presidents The Progressive Presidents The Big Idea American presidents in the early 1900s did a great deal to promote progressive reforms. Main Ideas Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive reforms tried to balance the interests of business, consumers, and laborers. William Howard Taft angered Progressives with his cautious reforms, while Woodrow Wilson enacted far-reaching banking and antitrust reforms.

3. Main Idea 1: Theodore Roosevelt’s progressive reforms tried to balance the interests of business, consumers, and laborers. the Square Deal.Theodore Roosevelt - the Square Deal. 1902 coal miners’ strike1902 coal miners’ strike ThreatenedThreatened

4. Theodore Roosevelt  1901-1909- 26th President ( Republican)  McKinley’s Death  Rough Riders and San Juan Hill  Square Deal  1902 Coal Strike  Northern Securities Case  Meat Inspection Act 1906  Food and Drug Act 1906  Employer’s Liability Act  Newlands Reclamation Act 1902

5. Regulating Big Business meat inspection laws.meat inspection laws. Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906.Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906. regulate railroad shipping ratesregulate railroad shipping rates. 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act

6. Roosevelt’s View of the Presidency Protecting the ConsumersProtecting the Consumers –Food and Drug industries- –Tainted food and medicines that did not work or were dangerous –Upton Sinclair and The Jungle. –Meat Inspection Act-. –Pure Food and Drug Act-

7. Conservation Roosevelt strongly supported important national priority Some preservationists. Other preservationists wanted. Roosevelt responded by –Adding 150 million acres –Doubling the number of national parks –Created 18 national monuments –Started 51 bird sanctuaries

8. Roosevelt’s View of the Presidency Environmental ConservationEnvironmental Conservation –Roosevelt believed each generation should protect and conserve nature for the future. –John Muir- –Roosevelt- active management of public lands Newlands Reclamation Act- 1902- –Gifford Pinchot- 1 st chief of the U.S. Forest Service –The Antiquities Act of 1906-

10. Roosevelt’s Progressive Reforms Recall - What did the Square Deal policy do for the public good? Make Generalizations – In what way does the Pure Food and Drug Act Protect Citizens? Evaluate – What do you think about Roosevelt’s accomplishments in conservation?

12. William Howard Taft  1909-1913- 27th President (Republican)  16 th Amendment  Payne-Aldrich Tariff  Ballinger-Pinchot Affair  Mann-Elkins Act 1910  Roosevelt returns  Election of 1912- Republicans split.  Taft- 45 indictments against trusts; civil service jobs; million acres to national reserves; protected mineral rights; postal saving banks, 2 new states, 16th amendment (income tax); Dept. of Commerce and Dept. of Labor.  Roosevelt- Good and bad trusts, Issues, Progressives (Bull Moose) and New Nationalism  Wilson- Issues and New Freedom  Debs- Socialist  Outcome of Election

13. Main Idea 2: William Howard Taft angered Progressives with his cautious reforms, while Woodrow Wilson enacted far-reaching banking and antitrust reforms. William Howard Taft moved more cautiously than RooseveltWilliam Howard Taft moved more cautiously than Roosevelt had toward reform and regulation. Progressives were disappointedProgressives were disappointed Payne-Aldrich TariffPayne-Aldrich Tariff,

14. The Republican Party Splits The Progressives split to form their own party, the New Progressive (“Bull Moose”) Party, with Roosevelt as its candidate. The Progressives split to form their own party, the New Progressive (“Bull Moose”) Party, with Roosevelt as its candidate. In the 1910 congressional elections. New NationalismRoosevelt -New Nationalism. Reformers loved the New Nationalism. Republicans lost control of the House of Representatives for the first time in 16 years. By the presidential election of 1912, the Republican Party was split. The Republican party nominated President Taft The Republican party nominated President Taft Republicans split, Democrat Woodrow WilsonWith the Republicans split, Democrat Woodrow Wilson

15. TaftRepublicanTaft ran for reelection on the Republican ticket. RooseveltRoosevelt, angry at Taft, formed the Progressive Party to run for president. Woodrow WilsonDemocraticWoodrow Wilson ran on the Democratic ticket and was elected president by a wide margin. Eugene V. DebsSocialist PartyEugene V. Debs ran on the Socialist Party ticket. Election of 1912 Woodrow Wilson wonWoodrow Wilson won by a wide margin as the Republican voters split between Taft and Roosevelt. All four candidates were reformersAll four candidates were reformers.

17. Woodrow Wilson  1913-1921- 28th President (Democrat)  Leadership  Underwood Tariff Act  Federal Reserve Act 1913  Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914  Federal Trade Commission Act 1914

18. Wilson’s Reforms Introduced the modern income tax, made possible by ratification of the Sixteenth Amendment in 1913 Federal Reserve Act in 1913, creating a national banking systemAddressed banking reform with the Federal Reserve Act in 1913, creating a national banking system Pushed for laws to regulate big business Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 –The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 strengthened laws against monopolies. Federal Trade Commission –The Federal Trade Commission, created in 1914, had the power to investigate and punish unfair trade practices.

19. Reforms of Taft and Wilson Explain – To what was Wilson referring when he used the term “human cost”? Sequence – Describe the sequence of events leading up to and including the election of Wilson.

20. Reforms of Taft and Wilson Recall – What allowed the modern income tax to go into effect? Explain – What power does the Federal Trade Commission have?