1. THE BIG BANG Theory… How did the universe begin?

2. In the Beginning…. 15 billion Years ago the universe as we know it did not exist. The Universe was squashed together in a space no bigger than a beach ball Then it exploded: However, no particles existed because it is too hot

3. nanoseconds later The Universe has expanded It is (10³²)°C 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Quarks (the particles that make up protons electrons and neutron) form Matter Destroys antimatter

4. 1 Second after BB The Universe has expanded rapidly it is now 100 million times it original size It is cooler 10 10 ºC(100,000,000,000) As the universe cools the bigger quarks could bind together to make protons and neutrons Gradually the Four types of force that currently exist (Strong Nuclear, Weak Nuclear Electromagnetic and gravity) combine into a “super force” to enable nuclei to be created

5. 3 Minutes after BB The universe is now to big to measure It is a little cooler (10 9 ºC) Protons neutrons form Hydrogen and Helium Nuclei Electrons exist separately but over time join with nuclei to make Hydrogen atoms

6. 300 Million Years after BB First galaxies and stars are formed The death of the first stars makes heavier elements Universe is still expanding and cooled to 6000ºC Heavier elements are formed in the cores of dying stars and scattered around by nova’s and supernovas

7. Up to date 5 Billion Years ago(10 Billion after BB)- Sun/solar system born 4 Billion Years ago(11Billion after BB)- DNA Formed 65 Million Years ago-(15 Billion after BB)Dinosaurs extinct Universe is still expanding It has cooled to -270ºC

8. How we Know all this Background radiation map showing radiation ripples and lumps from explosion (1989) Red shift- all stars are moving away from one another (expansion) Radio signals- most are 15 billion YO and are similar to those generated by bomb explosions Universe is still cooling Splitting the atom Particle research Background radiation map showing radiation ripples and lumps from explosion (1989)

9. What happens next? One of three things will happen to the universe (depending on the amount of “black matter”) 1. Open Universe-The Universe will expand forever (not enough black matter) 2. Flat Universe-The Universe will stop and stay at a particluar size 3. The Closed universe (the Big Crunch)