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© 2016 Cengage Learning. MEMORY Memory Processes  This section covers:  The processes involved in memory.

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Presentation on theme: "© 2016 Cengage Learning. MEMORY Memory Processes  This section covers:  The processes involved in memory."— Presentation transcript:

1 © 2016 Cengage Learning. MEMORY Memory Processes  This section covers:  The processes involved in memory

2 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Memory Processes  The system by which we retain information and bring it to mind  A method of retaining the information and skills we acquire through experience What Is Memory? 1. Encoding Converting information into a form usable in memory 2. Storage Retaining information in memory 3. Retrieval Bringing stored information to mind

3 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Memory Processes  The transformation of information from one form to another Encoding

4 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Memory Processes Storage  The retention of information over time

5 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Memory Processes Retrieval  Recovery of stored information when it is needed

6 © 2016 Cengage Learning. MEMORY Types of Memory  This section covers:  The stages of memory  Types of memory

7 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin Model

8 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory  Holds large amounts of incoming information for a very short period of time Sensory Memory

9 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory  Holds a small amount of information for a limited time Short-Term Memory

10 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory Experiencing Psychology: Chunking

11 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory Working Memory  Adaptation of short-term memory  Actively manipulates information  Allows for multiple, simultaneous processes

12 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory Long-Term Memory  Location of permanent memories

13 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory An Experiment: The Serial Position Effect

14 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory Types of Long-Term Memory

15 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory Declarative Memory  Semantic  Episodic  Autobiographical

16 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory Nondeclarative Memory  Procedural memory  Classical conditioning  Priming

17 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory  Different structures work together for memory Long-Term Memory and the Brain

18 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory Organization of Long-Term Memory  Connectionist theories  Spreading activation  Schemas

19 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory Retrieval: Cues  Any stimulus that helps you access target information  Recognition  Recall  The encoding specificity effect

20 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory  Some memories seem permanently etched into our brains  How accurate are they? Retrieval: Flashbulb Memories

21 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Stages and Types of Memory  Reconstruction during retrieval may be flawed Retrieval: Eyewitness Testimony

22 © 2016 Cengage Learning. MEMORY Forgetting  This section covers:  Theories of forgetting  Improving memory

23 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Forgetting Theories of Forgetting

24 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Forgetting Proactive and Retroactive Interference

25 © 2016 Cengage Learning. Forgetting  Distribute practice  Take tests  Sleep  Recite  Use mnemonics Improving Your Memory

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