1. RULING ENGINES PRESENTED BY : ASHWINI DESHMUKH SREEVANI ABBARAJU

2. INTRODUCTION TASK OF A RULING ENGINE : RULE A SERIES OF FINE, PARALLEL AND IDENTICAL GROOVES ON A DIFFRACTION GRATING APPLICATION OF GRATINGS : STUDY OF STARS BY ASTRONOMERS STUDY OF ATOMS BY PHYSICISTS STUDY OF LIVING SUBSTANCES BY BIOLOGISTS STUDY BLOODSTAINS BY DETECTIVES

3. SPECIFICATIONS TO BE MET GROOVE DENSITY OF 14,400 PER INCH PARALLELISM UPTO 0.01 ARC-SEC TOLERANCE ALLOWED TOLERANCE IN GROOVE SPACING___ 1 MIKE COATING MATERIAL VACUUM DEPOSITED ALUMINUM OF THICKNESS 0.1 MIL

4. BASIC RULING MECHANISM ROWLAND’S ENGINE

5. STRONG’S ENGINE

6. KINEMATIC MOUNTINGS MOUNTING OF THE RULING ENGINE ON THE BASE MOUNTING OF THE GRATING CARRIAGE MOUNTING OF THE LEAD SCREW MOUNTING OF THE DIAMOND TOOL

7. KINEMATICS OF RULING ENGINE MOUNTING OF ENGINE ON BASE : Analogous to Ball, V, Flat type Kelvin’s clamp. PURPOSE: Avoid relative motion between bed and the engine

8. KINEMATIC MOUNTING OF GRATING CARRIAGE REDUCES SPACING ERROR DUE CHANGE IN PARALLELISM

9. SOURCES OF ERROR SOURCES OF ERROR SPACING ERROR DUE TO MISPLACEMENT OF GROOVE, DUE TO ERROR IN LEAD SCREW SPACING ERROR DUE TO CHANGE IN PARALLELISM OF GROOVES, DUE TO INCORRECT MOUNTING OF GRATING CARRIAGE

10. LEAD SCREW MANUFACTURE & ALIGNMENT MANUFACTURING PROCESS: LAPPING AXIAL ALIGNMENT

11. FLEXIBLE DRAW STRIP SYSTEM

12. MOUNTING OF LEAD SCREW FLEXIBLE STRIP DRAW SYSTEM TO AVOID PITCHING AND YAWING WOBBLE PIN TOAVOID AXIAL MISALIGNMENT OF LEAD SCREW

13. POLARISING INTERFEROMETER PURPOSE: PRECISION MOTION TO THE DIAMOND TOOL AVOID INERTIAL EFFECT OF CARRIAGE BY REPLACING START STOP MECHANISM WITH SERVO FEED BACK

14. MOUNTING OF DIAMOND CARRIAGE KINEMATICALLY MOUNTED DIAMOND CARRIAGE FOR SINGLE TRANSLATIONAL DOF 3 PTFE PADS ON 3 SLIDE WAYS AND 2 CONTACT POINTS ON TWO VERTICAL REFERENCE SURFACES.

15. CRITICAL FACTORS FOR PERFORMANCE OF RULING ENGINE FACTORSCOMPENSATION TEMPERATURESTRATIFICATION VIBRATIONCONCRETE BED FRICTIONLUBRICATION

16. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ruling Engines from the Journal “ Scientific American” June 1952. “Design and Construction of a large grating ruling engine” from the Journal of Precision Engineering Volume3 1981