1. Volunteer Marine Rescue3
TDM MF1007B
first aid 1

2. Fractures and Dislocations
Cracked Bone
Chipped Bone
Broken Bone
Fracture
Dislocation

3. Fractures and Dislocations
- Closed -
Bone remains within the skin.
No wound leading to site of the fracture.
- Open -
Bone protrudes through skin or wound leading to site of the fracture.
Complicated -
May involve
body organs
and tissue.

4. Fractures and Dislocations
Signs
Swelling
Discolouration
Deformity
Shortening
Abnormal mobility
Symptoms
Pain
Loss of power
Tenderness
Crepitus

5. Fractures Do Not General Management D.R.S.A.B.C.D Control Bleeding
Rest and reassure
Handle gently
Support or immobilise
Do Not
Apply traction to an open fracture.
Give anything to eat or drink.
Force or straighten fractured joints.

6. Unconscious Victim with Obvious Limb Fractures
Fractures and Dislocations
Unconscious Victim with Obvious Limb Fractures
Lateral (side) position
Keeping an open airway takes precedence over all fractures including suspected spinal injuries

7. Splints

8. Dislocations Do Not replace into position. Signs and Symptoms
Severe pain, unable to move and appears deformed
General Management
Prevent movement at the site.
Place in a comfortable position.
Prevent Pain.
Apply Ice.
Prevent Bleeding.
Seek medical aid.
Do Not replace into position.

9. Then refer the patient to
Sprains and Strains
- General Care
Compression
Elevation
Rest
Ice
Then refer the patient to
medical help

10. Types of Skull Fracture
Head Injuries
Types of Skull Fracture

11. Concussion
- Brain Shaking -
A temporary impairment of brain function, usually without permanent damage to the brain

12. Concussion Signs & Symptoms
Brief or extended periods of unconsciousness
Double vision
Confusion
Loss of short memory (what actually happened).
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Numbness (tingling and weakness in arms and legs)
Lack of co-ordination (stumbling).

13. Cerebral Compression
Cerebral compression is a condition which occurs when pressure within the brain increases
This may be caused by trauma to the head, or by a blood clot formed within the skull

14. Cerebral Compression Signs and Symptoms Diminishing conscious state.
Noisy or irregular breathing.
Slow but full and bounding pulse.
Weakness in one side of the body.
Unequal pupils.
Flushed face.
Fever.

15. Spinal Injuries Symptoms and Signs Severe back Pain.
Lower limb numbness.
Loss of power in limbs.
Loss of sensation.

16. Spinal Injuries Care for Head & Spinal Injuries
If unconscious , carefully place in lateral position.
Maintain an open airway.
Minimise movement of
Head & Spine.
Monitor A.B.C.
Control any Bleeding.
Maintain Body Temperature.

17. Types of Eye Injuries

18. Types of Eye Injuries Foreign Bodies Superficial
Embedded / Penetrating
Wash thoroughly
(if unsuccessful, Pad both eyes.
Seek medical aid.
Lie flat.
Pad both eyes.
Reassure the person.
Seek medical aid.