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18.1b Notes States of Matter & Phase Changes Supplement to Chapter 18
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Objective Describe the phase and energy changes associated with phase changes.
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States of Matter SolidsLiquidsGases Mass Volume Shape Energy
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Solids Solid – holds a particular shape & has definite volume Orderliness of particles Mass: definite Volume: definite Shape: definite Energy: low
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Liquids Liquid – does not hold own shape but does occupy a definite volume Flows freely and takes shape of container Mass: definite Volume: definite Shape: shape of container Energy: medium
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Gases Gas – no definite shape or volume Expands to fill available volume of container Mass: definite Volume: can be compressed Shape: shape of container Energy: high
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States of Matter SolidsLiquidsGases MassDefinite VolumeDefinite Can be Compressed ShapeDefiniteShape of container Shape of Container EnergyLowMediumHigh
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Plasma gas-like made of atoms that have been ripped apart into ions and electrons the sun is made of plasma, as is most of the matter in the universe Plasmas are usually very hot, and you can keep them in magnetic bottles
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Changes in State A transition from one state of matter to another Melting: solid to liquid Freezing: liquid to solid Vaporization: liquid to gas Boiling: throughout the liquid Evaporation: surface only Condensation: gas to liquid Sublimation: solid to gas
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Changes in States Solid Liquid Gas Sublimation Melting Freezing Condensation Vaporization
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Changing States - Melting Solid becomes a liquid Melting point = temperature at which a solid begins to melt Heat of fusion = the amount of energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid at its melting point
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Freezing Liquid becomes a solid Heat of fusion is also the energy released when a liquid freezes The attractive forces are strong enough that the particles form an ordered arrangement
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Vaporization Liquid becomes a gas Evaporation = when vaporization occurs at the surface of a liquid Causes the temperature of the liquid to decrease
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Boiling Second way a Liquid becomes a gas Occurs throughout the liquid, not just on surface Boiling point = temperature at which the pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on its surface The heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required for 1 kg of the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas
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Condensation Gas changes to a liquid The heat of vaporization is also the amount of energy released during condensation
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In-class assignment/Homework
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