1. U.S. Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing Policy and Program Update Michael Shaw, Director U.S. National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) December 4, 2007

2. IGNSS 2007 2 Introduction Like the Internet, GPS is a critical component of the global information infrastructure –Scalable applications enabling broad new capabilities –Facilitating innovations in efficiency, safety, environmental, public security and science During the past decade, GPS has grown into a global utility providing space-based positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) –Consistent, predictable, dependable policy and performance –Augmentations improve performance

3. IGNSS 2007 3 U.S. Policy History 1978: First GPS satellite launched 1983: U.S. President offers free civilian access to GPS 1996: First U.S. GPS Policy. Established GPS a dual-use system under joint civil/military management 1997: U.S. Congress passes law requiring civil GPS to be provided free of direct user fees 2000: U.S. President set Selective Availability to “Zero” 2004: U.S. President issued U.S. Policy on Space-Based PNT 2007: U.S. President announces Selective Availability will no longer be built into modernized GPS III satellites

4. IGNSS 2007 4 2004 U.S. Space-Based PNT Policy GOAL: Ensure the U.S. maintains space-based PNT services, augmentation, back-up, and service denial capabilities that… ASSURES SERVICE Provide uninterrupted availability of PNT services MEETS DEMANDS Meet growing national, homeland, economic security, and civil requirements, and scientific and commercial demands LEADS MILITARILY Remain the pre-eminent military space-based PNT service STAYS COMPETITIVE Continue to provide civil services that exceed or are competitive with foreign civil space-based PNT services and augmentation systems INTEGRATES GLOBALLY Remain essential components of internationally accepted PNT services LEADS TECHNICALLY Promote U.S. technological leadership in applications involving space-based PNT services

5. IGNSS 2007 5 WHITE HOUSE ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA ADVISORY BOARD Sponsor: NASA Defense Transportation State Commerce Homeland Security Interior Joint Chiefs of Staff NASA NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE-BASED PNT Executive Steering Group Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE Host: Commerce U.S. National Space-Based PNT Organizational Structure

6. IGNSS 2007 6 National Coordination Office Facilitates information sharing, coordination, and issue resolution regarding space-based PNT programs, requirements, budgets, and policies across all U.S. Agencies Evaluates plans to modernize U.S. space-based PNT infrastructure Conducts or oversees space-based PNT studies, analyses and projects with a U.S. National benefit Represents Executive Committee in discussions on space- based PNT within the government, the public sector and with representatives of foreign governments/int’l organizations

7. IGNSS 2007 7 Advisory Board Conducts assessments; makes recommendations to accomplish national policy goals and objectives Twenty-four members; 6 international members –Keith McPherson, Air Services Australia serves on Board Met in March and October 2007

8. IGNSS 2007 8 EXCOM Activities Program Oversight –Five-Year National Plan –National PNT Architecture –GPS Modernization –Civil GPS Funding –GPS Augmentations Nationwide Differential GPS –Distress Alerting Satellite System (DASS) International Engagement –Bilateral –Multilateral Spectrum Management –Interference Detection and Mitigation Plan –Spectrum Protection Plan Outreach –Publications, websites, exhibits –Conferences and other venues –Coordination of U.S. message

9. IGNSS 2007 9 Current Constellation 14 Block IIA satellites operational 12 Block IIR satellites operational 4 Block IIR-M satellites operational –Transmitting new second civil signal (L2C) –4 Block IIR satellites remain to be launched Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch need –Next IIR-M launch planned for Dec 07 –First IIF projected for launch early 2009 Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since 1993 30 Operational Satellites (Nominal Constellation: 24) 30 Operational Satellites (Nominal Constellation: 24)

10. IGNSS 2007 10 GPS constellation – Delivering excellent performance Standard Performance Improving

11. IGNSS 2007 11 GPS Modernization System-wide improvements in: –Accuracy –Availability –Integrity –Reliability Backward compatibility Robustness against interference Improved indoor, mobile, and urban use Interoperability with other space-based PNT systems

12. IGNSS 2007 12 GPS Program Update Transitioned GPS Operational Control Segment– 14 Sep 07 –Legacy control segment over 20 years old; cumbersome operations Upgrading GPS ground segment – OCX – 2012 - 2016 –Will implement full functionality for L2C and L5 –In source selection - anticipate contract award – by end of 2007 Acquiring next generation of GPS satellites – GPS IIIA –In source selection - anticipate contract award – early 2008 GPS SPS Performance Standard update in progress – Apr 08

13. IGNSS 2007 13 GPS OCS Transition Operational Control Segment (OCS) transitioned from old to new architecture – Sep 07 –Called the Architecture Evolution Plan (AEP) –Migrated from mainframe to distributed architecture –Makes OCS easier to operate and maintain –Two new control stations New Mod at Schriever AFB New Alternate MCS (AMCS) at Vandenberg AFB –Provides flexibility to incorporate future requirements

14. IGNSS 2007 14 GPS III Satellites Needed to accommodate increasing requirements –Separate contracts for space and ground segments –Development approach to reduce risk, increase flexibility –Provides operational capability for second (L2C) and third (L5) civil signals In combination with GPS IIR-M and IIF satellites –Delivers L1C for interoperability with Galileo –Significant increase in system accuracy –Improved availability of accuracy with integrity

15. IGNSS 2007 15 Modernized GPS – Civil Signals Second civil signal (“L2C”) starts with GPS Block IIR-M –Designed to meet commercial needs Higher accuracy through ionospheric correction Higher effective power and improved data structure reduce interference Speed up signal acquisition and enable miniaturization of receivers –First Launch Sep 2005; expect 24 satellites: ~2014 Third civil signal (“L5”) starts with GPS Block IIF –Designed to meet requirements for transportation safety-of-life (aviation) Highly protected Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS) band –First launch: ~2009; 24 satellites: ~2016 Fourth civil signal (“L1C”) starts with GPS Block III –Designed with international partners to enable GNSS interoperability –First launch: ~2013; 24 satellites: ~2021

16. IGNSS 2007 16 Augmentations Ground-Based Augmentations (NDGPS, GRAS, LAAS, etc.) International GNSS Service Global Differential GPS System Space-Based Augmentations

17. IGNSS 2007 17 U.S. GPS Augmentation Update Wide Area Augmentation System commissioned in 2003 –Two GEO satellites launched in 2005 (Galaxy XV & Anik F1R) Provides dual satellite coverage over the U.S. –Service expanded into Canada and Mexico – operational Sep 07 New reference stations (5 Mexico and 4 Canada) Nationwide DGPS System (NDGPS) –DOT assessing need for inland component - 31 Jan 08 Maritime NDGPS component remain operational –Federal Register Notice released 1 Aug 07 Comment period ended 1 Oct; still accepting comments

18. IGNSS 2007 18 GPS Selective Availability Selective Availability (SA) feature was used in the past to intentionally degrade civilian GPS service –First fully implemented in 1995 –Discontinued (set zero) by the President in May 2000 –Has not been used since President approved DoD recommendation that next generation of GPS satellites (GPS III) will be built without Selective Availability feature –Secretary of Transportation Peters made announcement at ICAO General Assembly on 18 Sept 2007

19. IGNSS 2007 19 Summary U.S. Space-based PNT effort progressing significantly in areas of policy, programs and international Implementation of 2004 Policy proceeding –Very active senior USG leadership Continuing to improve USG space-based PNT system performance International cooperation is a top priority for USG –Actively engaged in multi-lateral/bi-lateral consultations As new space-based GNSS emerge globally, compatibility and interoperability is the key to “success for all”

20. IGNSS 2007 20 Web-based Information PNT.gov established to distribute information on the U.S. national Executive Committee –Information on U.S. National Policy, Exec Committee membership, Advisory Board and frequently asked questions –Recent SA announcement and ICAO offer letter –All recent public presentations GPS.gov established for public information about GPS applications –Available in English, French, Spanish, Arabic and Chinese –Brochure also available in hardcopy upon request –Contains additional links to various other web sites

21. IGNSS 2007 21 Contact Information Michael E. Shaw Director U.S. National Coordination Office for Space-Based PNT 14 th and Constitution Ave, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20230 Ph: (202) 482-5809 Fax: (202) 482-4429 Michael.Shaw@pnt.gov This Presentation and other GPS information available: www.PNT.gov