1. The British Empire and Commonwealth

2. The rise of the British Empire 1600 : Exploration of North America and formation of East India Company – influence in Asia 1788: Australia 1840: New Zealand 19 th cent. colonisation of West and South Africa By the early part of 20 th century Britain ruled over a quarter of the world “The Empire on which the sun never sets.”

3. Motives to create a huge empire Wish for international power and prestige Supply of raw materials Empire as a great triumph

4. Consequences Mother country had a duty to teach British values to the indigenous populations White people were more developed and had the right to rule over everyone else Indigenous people were treated badly 17 th and 18 th trade in slaves Regardes as natural servants of their white rulers Racist views were normal

5. The fall of the British Empire From 19 th century on colonies became a Dominion (relatively independent territory in the British Empire) 1901 Australia 1907 New Zealand 1910 South Africa Commonwealth of Nations (mother country and dominions had equal status and accepted the British monarch as head of Commonwealth)

6. The fall of the British Empire World War II speeded up the break-up After the war: neither the money nor the will to keep and defend a big empire 1947 independence of India

7. Post-colonial consequences Despite the often violent British rule, they learnt about the British ideas and values Many ex-colonies chose a British style of democracy and legal, financial and education system English as a common language

8. Pakistani communities in GB Have been travelling to GB from as early as the 17 th century Migration wave in the 1950s and 1960s To fill unskilled jobs (in textile industry) Second largest ethnic minority group

10. Considering the historical facts, … which problems might 1 st generation Pakistani immigrants had to face when arriving in GB? what effect have had these problems on their children (2 nd generation)?

11. Problems and conflicts of 2 nd /3 rd generation immigrants in UK Sometimes I feel like I´m caught between two worlds.

12. Problems and conflicts of 2 nd /3 rd generation immigrants in UK

13. Cultural identity (according to Stuart Hall) Cultural identity is a matter of “becoming” as well as of “being”. It belongs to the future as much as to the past.

14. Cultural identity (according to Stuart Hall) Identity is a production, which is never complete, always in process, and always constituted within, not outside, representation.

15. Cultural identity (according to Stuart Hall) Cultural identity as a shared culture, a sort of collective “one true self” hiding inside the many other, more superficial or artificially imposed “selves” which people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common.

16. Trailer My Son the Fanatic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqS8eFLa1ns&list=PL_3vuQ1qz X9kD-LzYOIroK5Si_yEzz66T Ae Fond Kiss https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3T0rLEbDLE Bend it like Beckham https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLhahNBMXw0