1. Chapter 3 Colonial Ways of Life

2. Who were the American settlers? Young, male, poor Over half = indentured servants 2/3 = came alone Why did they come? European population growth Rise of commercial agriculture Political security Religious freedom

3. Mass Migrations 1629-1641 – Puritans (Massachusetts) Wealthy Royalists with indentured servants (Virginia) Quakers (West Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware) 1717-1775 – Celtic and Scotch-Irish (Appalachians)

4. Enduring folkways – settlers retained many of their different cultural attitudes and customs Changed landscape – deforestation, domesticated animals, ravaged large mammal populations Women – remained subordinate and domestic as in Europe Slavery – –Jamestown in 1619 (not treated much different than white indentured servants) –Color differences = hereditary life service –Brazil – most “voracious appetite” for slaves –P. 116 – color was crucial difference

5. Triangular Trade – Atlantic Trade

6. Puritans Wanted purified form of Anglican church P. 128 – New England Puritans … Salem Witch Trials – from 1620 to 1700, 20 colonists were put to death for witchcraft –Adolescent imagination and contagious –Long standing feuds and property disputes –Women in power

7. The Enlightenment European movement that emphasized a search for knowledge. Also called the Age of Reason Brought on by scientific revolution – natural laws that govern universe Copernicus = earth not center of universe Newton = natural order REDUCED ROLE OF GOD TO REMOTE CREATOR

8. The Enlightenment and the American Colonies Jefferson used Locke’s theories when he wrote the Declaration of Independence. Other American leaders used Enlightenment ideas when they drafted the United States Constitution. Franklin and Jefferson were also interested in science and invention, applying reason to ask questions and find answers.

9. The Great Awakening Enlightenment thinkers questioned common beliefs and deep-rooted superstitions. P. 142 – Evil in the world… Changes in religious attitudes Strict groups such as the Puritans were upset by the growing tolerance for other beliefs. Some religious leaders worried that material values and concern for making money had displaced spiritual values. Clergy looked for new ways to bring people back to the church. Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield had little interest in merely engaging parishioners' minds; they wanted far more to elicit an emotional response from their audience, one which might yield the workings and evidence of saving grace. REVIVAL