1. TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN ANIMALS Part 1 Grade 8 Semester 1 Year 2011-2012

2. Blood as the Transport Medium  To supply oxygen and glucose, as well as other substances, large organisms have a specialised transport system. This system has 4 parts:  A medium-blood  A system of tubes-arteries and veins  A pump-heart  Sites of exchange-capillaries

3. Types of Blood Cells Cell TypeAppearanceFunctionStructure Red blood Cells (erythrocytes) Transport O 2 from lungs Contain haemoglobin Have no nucleus Cells are smalls and flexible White Blood Cells (Phagocytes) Remove microorganisms that invade the body and might cause infection by engulfing them. Irregular shaped nucleus Enzymes in cytoplasm digest microorganisms once engulfed Sensitive cell surface membrane White Blood Cells (Lymphocytes) Produce antibodies-as defense against diseases Large nucleus contains may copies of genes for antibody production PlateletsInvolved in blood clotting Can release blood clotting enzyme

4. Blood Plasma  Our transport medium has watery liquid part that is called plasma.  Plasma has transport function which carries dissolved food molecules, waste materials, and hormones.  Plasma is also able to distribute heat around the various part of the body.

5. What can we know from blood sample?  Anaemia  Sickle cell anaemia  Leukaemia  AIDS  DNA fingerprinting  Diabetes  Eating disorders