2. Tuskegee Study

4. Research Ethics Ethics matters in academic and scientific research. Study of ethics is no less and no more important in research than in any other practice that has the potential of causing harm or creating good for others.

5. Research Ethics Study of ethics helps people think more clearly about professional expectations encourages them to examine assumptions that serve as the basis for conventional behavior. increased consciousness will translate into more ethical action.

6. Six-part, on-line course I. Ethical Issues in Research A. Compliance and Ethics B. Compliance Concepts C. Ethics Concepts II. Interpersonal Responsibility A. Mentor/Trainee Responsibilities B. Determining Publication Practices and Responsible Authorship C. Collaborative Science/Competitive Science

7. III. Institutional Responsibility A. The Institutional Process Regarding Allegations B. Conflicts of Interest and Conflicts of Commitment C. IRB/IACUC IV. Professional Responsibility A. Proposing Research B. Dissemination of Findings C. Peer Review V. Animals in Research VI. Human Participation in Research

8. Objectives 1). Define and apply basic terms relating to the ethical conduct of research including research misconduct, fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, compliance, ethically prohibited behavior, ethically required behavior, ethically permitted behavior, and ethically encouraged behavior; 2). Distinguish between compliance and ethics 3). Describe minimal requirements for research ethics training set forward by the Public Health Service (PHS)

9. Compliance Terms all basic, applied, and demonstration research in all fields of science, engineering, and mathematics. –research in economics, education, linguistics, medicine, psychology, social sciences, statistics, research involving human subjects or animals, regardless of originating discipline. Research –"activity designed to test a hypothesis, permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to develop or contribute to generalized knowledge (expressed, for example, in theories, principles, and statements of relationships).

10. Research Misconduct Fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results. It does not include honest error or honest differences in interpretations or judgments of data.

11. Fabrication Making up data or results and recording or reporting them as factual results.

12. Falsification Manipulating research materials, equipment, or processes, or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record.

13. Research Record The record of data or results that embody the facts resulting from scientific inquiry –includes, but is not limited to, research proposals, laboratory records, both physical and electronic, progress reports, abstracts, theses, oral presentations, internal reports, and journal articles.

14. Plagiarism The appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit –including those obtained through confidential review of others' research proposals and manuscripts.

15. Findings of Research Misconduct requires that the fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism be a significant departure from accepted practices of the relevant research community; misconduct be committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly; the allegation be proven by a preponderance of evidence.

16. Research Institutions All organizations using federal funds for research –including colleges and universities, intramural federal research laboratories, federally-funded research and development center, national user facilities, industrial laboratories, or other research institutes.

17. Research Institutions –Independent researchers and small research institutions –Research institutions have the primary responsibility for prevention and detection of research misconduct

18. Research Integrity Officer Institutional official responsible for assessing allegations of research misconduct. Research Integrity Officer at most institutions, is the Vice President for Research, or that person's designee.

19. Legally Required This terminology is used to differentiate actions that are merely –in compliance (legally required) from those actions that are –ethically permitted.

20. Video clip “Research Ethics” Another Research Ethics clip Radio clip: Human Prisoners for Science Research Part 1 Part II