1. A Religious Awakening

2. Lasted half a century Began in Kentucky, spread north and south Americans wanted governors to support religion African Americans join in the spirit

3.  Mormons form in New York in 1830  Unitarians- reflected growing Christian liberalism  Joseph Smith formed Jesus Latter Day Saints

4.  Preachers were Protestant  Mormons were persecuted  Followed practices frowned upon by neighbors  Men have more than one wife  Held land as a group Political power

5.  Mormons chased out of Ohio › Sought refuge in Illinois  Joseph Smith runs for president › Murdered by Mormons  Brigham Young › Led Mormons far east  Great Salt Lake city

6.  Catholics and Jewish people face discrimination › 1800s Roman Catholic Church faced discrimination › Protestants viewed Catholicism as incompatible  Choose loyalty to people rather than U.S

7.  Catholic poverty › Poor immigrants from Ireland  Little money  Work for low wages  Irish immigrants grow too powerful

8.  Jewish people face discrimination › Public officials must be Christians › Jews barred from holding office › Jewish people Rhode Island  New York  Pennsylvania

9.  1840s great numbers to escape political unrest › Europe › Americans ostracized them

10.  Early 1800s, Americans wanted to improve life  Formed settlements known as Utopian communities  often failed within 2-6 years  Utopias built to be ideal societies  Well-known Utopia include: New harmony, Brook farm  New harmony lasted 2 years  Brook farm lasted 6 years

11.  United society believed in Christ’s second appearance  Organized mid 1700s peaked around 1840s  Found in New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, and Indiana  Men and women did not marry  Lived in separate houses  Did not want to have children  Economy flourished due to high quality price

12.  Believed they could go beyond senses to learn  Ralph Waldo Emerson was the leading transcendentalists  Most important follower was Henry David  Wrote “Civil Disobedience”  Later provided inspiration to civil rights

13.  Lapsansky-Werner, Emma J., Peter B. Levy, Randy Roberts, and Alan Taylor. United States History. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008. 266-272. Print.