1. DOMÉSTICA Domestic Work in So Cal’s Global City

2. “the new world domestic order” The new world Early modern roots of globalization = European colonization + native genocide Los Angeles  Southern California  Western Hemisphere (US- Mexico-Central America) The new world order (Novus ordo seclorum) Post-WWI (Woodrow Wilson) & Post-WWII (UN, NATO,IMF) Post-Cold War – fall of Soviet Communism & rise of Western capitalism Post-9/11 – globalized economies & permeability of borders The new world domestic order Global cities = survival circuits + invisible domestic labor

3. So Cal Survival Circuits Los Angeles as global city Deindustrialization = growing gap between rich and poor Economic center of Pacific Rim = growing service economy Pre-existing circuits of imperialism + Bracero Program + MX economic crises  feminization of Mexican labor Civil War + Military Insurrections  increased Central American immigration

4. Social Reproduction Aka “reproductive labor” = “the myriad of activities, tasks, and resources expended in the daily upkeep of homes and people” (Sotelo 23) Who performs reproductive labor and why? Naturalized by gender Naturalized by race/class Home & domestic space as contradictory site of privacy/intimacy as well as labor/exploitation Complexity of race, gender, class in patriarchy (Sotelo 22-23)

5. Transnational “To be a good mother, I had to leave my children” Maternal material duty versus maternal affective duty Competing models of motherhood Western ideals of “isolationist, privativized mothering” (Sotelo 25) Dedicated mother/housewife Working mother Career woman/household manager Mothering for hire  domestic caregivers and transnational motherhood Debates over good mothering = simultaneously resisting and rehearsing gendered, racialized, and classed strictures Motherhood

6. La Doméstica Live-in nanny/housekeeper Lack of boundaries, lowest wages Most exploitative of newest immigrants – “the bridging occupation” Food & dehumanization (Sotelo 35) Live-out nanny/housekeeper Clearer boundaries, relatively higher pay Possibility for family life Housecleaner Higher hourly wages, shorter work week, flexibility Constant cultivation of network & route of casas

7. Informal Labor Informal vs formal labor Taxed and monitored by governmental agencies; subject to regulation and accountability Informality of hiring practice  social networks, references and reputations lack of official pay standardization Decrease of wages with longer work tenure (83) Withholding of information between employers (86) lack of clarification of worker’s duties and employer responsibilities Agencies = formalizing the informal for certain nannies (103) Lack of clear etiquette for termination = blow ups & white lies

8. Maternalism vs Personalism Formal boss-employee relationship vs informal relationship between employer & domestic worker Complicated by labor performed in private sphere Determined by differing positions of privilege & power Maternalism – “a one-way relationship, defined primarily by the employer’s gestures of charity, advice, assistance, and gifts” (207-208) White women helping out brown women Personalism – “a two-way relationship, albeit still asymmetrical [that] involves the employer’s recognition of the employee as a particular person” (208) As necessary improvement to invisibility & dehumanization (201)