1. Vocab Lesson 18

2. atmo vapor cardio heart cosmo world or universe counter against cranio
atmosphere, atmolysis, atmometer, atmospheric, atman
Greek
cardio
heart
cardiology, cardiovascular, cardiac, electrocardiogram
cosmo
world or universe
cosmos, cosmopolitan, cosmonaut, cosmology, microcosm
counter
against
counteract, counterproductive, counterpoint, counter insurgence
Latin
cranio
skull
craniology, intracranial, craniotomy, cranium, dolichocranic
cyclo
circle
cyclone, cyclotron, bicycle, encyclopedia, recycle, cyclical
gno
know
agnostic, prognosis, Gnostic, Gnosticism, diagnosis, topognosia, ignominy
oss
bone
ossify, ossuary, ossicle, osseous, ossiferous, ossein, ossification
xylo
wood
xylophone, xylograph, xyloid, xylophagous, xylose, xylotomy, xylem
monger
seller
fishmonger, warmonger, costermonger, ballad monger , phrasemonger
sept
seven
septangular, September, septuagenarian, septillion, Septuagint
xeno
stranger
xenophobia, xenolith, xenon, xenogenesis, xenodiagnosis
vas
vessel
vasoconstrictor, cardiovascular, vase, vesicle, vascular, vasectomy

3. fore front Latin ish like Germanic less without baro pressure ferro
ROOT
DEFINITION
EXAMPLES
ORIGIN
fore
front
forehead, foreboding, forecast, forethought, foresail, forefront
Latin
ish
like
greenish, smallish, outlandish, snobbish, ghoulish, squeamish, mannish
Germanic
less
without
fruitless, hopeless, motherless, bootless, pointless, hapless, feckless
baro
pressure
barometer, barograph, barometric, barograms, barometry
ferro
iron
ferronickel, ferromagnetic, ferrous, ferric, ferrite, ferroconcrete
quasi
somewhat
quasar, quasi-military, quasi-stellar, quasi-official, quasi-judicial
nesia
island
Micronesia, Polynesia, Melanesia, Austronesia
lepsy
attack
narcolepsy, epilepsy, catalepsy
let
little
booklet, piglet, aglet, hamlet, coverlet, omelet
nano
billionth
nanosecond, nanoplankton, nanosomia, nanogram
Greek
pico
trillionth
picofarad, picosecond, pictogram
Italian
ideo
idea
ideograph, ideology, ideologue, ideogram, idée fixe, idealism

4. Using the context clues from the sentence and your understanding of the root, define the underlined words in the following sentences.
1. The atmometer measures the rate of evaporation of water.
2. The cardiologist studied the cardiac patient’s electrocardiogram.
3. The orbiting Soviet cosmonaut had cosmopolitan views and tastes.
4. The command was countermanded by his British counterpart.
5. The craniotomy was performed by a skilled brain surgeon.
6. The cyclone hurled the bicycle fifty yards.
7. Agnostics are not usually attracted to Gnosticism.
8. Over the years, his habits had ossified beyond the hope of change.
9. Zylophagous insects had eaten the antique xylophone.
10. The costermonger and the fishmonger shouted out prices to passersby.
11. September was the seventh month of the Roman calendar.
12. The flood of immigration stirred the xenophobia of the citizens.
13. The cardiovascular system responded gradually to the exercise.

5. 14. The storm forecast filled her with foreboding.
Using the context clues from the sentence and your understanding of the root, define the underlined words in the following sentences.
14. The storm forecast filled her with foreboding.
15. The smallish object had a faint, greenish tint.
16. Their assault on the mountain summit proved hopeless, bootless, and fruitless.
17. Some think that high fashion is a barometer for stock market trends.
18. The company geologist studied the ferrous rock with care.
19. The quasi-military operation into Cambodia has failed.
20. We visited Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia.
21. His uncontrollable narcolepsy made it hard for him to stay awake.
22. The booklet circulated through the hamlet.
23. The computation is made in less than a nanosecond.
24. There are a thousand picoseconds in one nanosecond.
25. The stubborn Chinese ideologue wrote his ideas in ideograms.

6. 1. Are pine bark beetles xylophagous?
Word Within a Word Mystery Questions #18
1. Are pine bark beetles xylophagous?
2. Is an ideologue an advocate of a certain body of ideas?
3. Is September the seventh month of the year?
4. Is a provincial, inexperienced person cosmopolitan?
5. Is the Statue of Liberty a monument to xenophobia?
6. Would a craniotomy give you a headache?
7. Is an agnostic a know-it-all?
8. Is a prognosis a disease?
9. Could a vasoconstrictor attack you on a jungle path?
10. Would a magnet attract a ferrous particle?

7. DIVERGENCE:
What would be the attitudes and viewpoints of a person with a cosmopolitan outlook?
How many cogent arguments can you think of to help someone overcome xenophobia?
ANALYSIS:
How could you tell xylophagous and phyllophagous insects apart?
Analyze the word vasoconstrictor.
EVALUATION:
Is someone who believes in nuclear war a warmonger or a realist?
Did American astronauts conduct joint space missions with Soviet cosmonauts?
INTUITION:
You are sent through space in a craft that can travel at superluminous speeds to investigate a strange new phenomenon that is disrupting the principles of physics that regulate the cosmos. What is this strange phenomenon?
In a weird dream, you are shocked to find an article in an encyclopedia. What is the article about?
EMOTION:
What emotions could be considered causes of xenophobia?
How would you feel if told that your efforts were bootless? Or that your mind was xyloid? Or that your attitudes had ossified?

8. diagnosis : prognosis :: mannish : masculine::
sickness: health effeminate: feminine
analysis: forecast hero: heroine
ideology: ideologue ideologue: dogma
prediction: weather heterodox: orthodox
bootless : feckless :: ferrous : auriferous ::
useless: feeble metal: nonmetal
barefoot: unlucky gold: ring
shoe: vest iron: gold
ossicle: ossify full of: lacking
agnosticism : certainty :: balladmonger : poet ::
costermonger: fruit stellar: quasi-stellar
cosmonaut: cosmology claptrap: platitude
diffidence: confidence literati: cognoscenti
forecast: forethought sophistry: philosophy
ferrite : picosecond :: idée fixe : monomania ::
pyrite: gold megalomania: diffidence
quartz: minute xenophobia: cosmopolitan
ossuary: bone ethnocentrism: egalitarianism
month: nanosecond cardiovascular: circulatory