1. Teaching Science Through Media Production Teaching Science Through Media Production Multimedia Production With a Science Flavor

2. Your presenter today is: Larry Moore KET Education Consultant North Central Region Voice Mail: (800) 432-0951, ext. 7264 E-Mail: lmoore@ket.orglmoore@ket.org Larry’s WikiSpaces Address: http://lmooreketresources.wikispaces.com http://lmooreketresources.wikispaces.com

3. KET Resources in Multimedia Production Your KET Education Consultant (AT&T grant) Multi-Media Professional Development Event July 14-15 KET Video Multimedia Resource Site KET School Video Project Video Series Making News Quiz Hollywood Homeroom Making Grimm Movies AFI’s Lights Camera Education ! Various KET EncycloMedia videos and materials (e.g.) AFI’s Lights Camera Education !

4. KET Multimedia Website KET Video Multimedia Resource Site http://www.ket.org/education/video- mm-resources.htm http://www.ket.org/education/video- mm-resources.htm

5. Video production can be used in science instruction to: Record experiments and procedures Allow students to keep video field journals Record observation of natural events- patterns, cycles, organism behaviors Demonstrate scientific method steps Record interviews with scientists, field experts

6. Video production can be used in science instruction to: Point out discrete details using camera and monitor as magnifying lens/ microscope Allow sharing data, observations, experiences, with other classes and scientists around the world through video conferencing technology Make processes clearer and more evident to the viewer by using features such as freeze frame, time lapse, and stop action animation

7. Using basic editing software supports the science video production process as follows: Allows recording of long periods of observation to be edited down to only the essential data needed for an accurate summary Allows the combination of “master shots” for overall context of an event, with close-up cover video that brings details to attention Makes it easy to add a variety of graphics into the video sequence, all to make a process easier to understand

8. Using basic editing software supports the science video production process as follows: Allows “mash-ups” of various pre-produced works to create a work suitable to the unique purposes of the producer Allows the insertion of pre-produced segments from KET EFTs, KET EncycloMedia, and common source materials into productions containing original footage created by teacher/students Allows students to create multimedia assignments that incorporate all aspects of their scientific inquiry such as observations, data, group work experiments, and conclusions. Allows teachers to create instructional video tutorials for students to view independently when working at learning centers

9. Important Things To Know about Media Production 1. All media production starts with WRITING. 2. Media producers must decide both the Purpose and Audience for any media they create Purpose and Audience for any media they create 3. Media production has three stages: Pre-production Pre-production Production Production Post-Production Post-Production

10. Deciding on a Purpose for Your Media The purposes of TV shows can be to: n Inform/ teach n Entertain n Persuade viewers to buy products or accept certain ideas n Express a point of view

11. Important Things To Know about Video TV producers “target” certain Audiences when producing their media. They look at the audience’s: n Background n Age/grade level n Abilities n Wants / needs

12. Video Productions are created in three stages:   Pre-Production   Production   Post - Production

13. The First Rule of Video Production No matter how good your equipment, editing, and graphics… Garbage In! Garbage Out! It takes quality audio/video to make a good production!

14. ProductionProduction  Scenes are rehearsed, performed by talent, and recorded.  Supporting video (B-roll) is shot to “cover” audio track and natural audio is captured. (These are especially important when shooting science related video!) “cover” audio track and natural audio is captured. (These are especially important when shooting science related video!)  Video/audio clips are logged and labeled

15. Safety First!  Use a tripod and make sure it is stable  Make sure camera is tight on tripod  Watch out for cables  Don’t point camera at bright light like the sun for long periods  Don’t try and force tape, cables, or attachments into place

16. Camera Tips  Use a tripod  Use focus and white balance controls  Practice camera moves (blocking)  Frame shots and moves with purpose

17. Don’t do This! The “witness Protection” shot When shooting don’t place your subject in front of a strong light like a window, lamp, mirror, etc.

18. Camera Tips (continued)  Vary shots  Don’t overuse zoom  Be sure to lay down pre and post-roll  Correct roll-back (only on tape cameras)

19. Basic Shots Types Close-up (CU)Wide Shot (WS)Medium Shot (Med)

20. Telling Your Story Through Composition BFF-38:43 VE- 46:08 CF-10:22

21. Shot Purposes  Close-up/Extreme CU shots- “tell” what characters look like, show emotions, point out details, isolates parts  Medium shots- create comfortable “talking” distance  Wide Shots- Show setting or action.  Point of View (POV) shot lets viewer “see” through a character’s eyes “see” through a character’s eyes

22. Using Angles  Bird’s Eye (High angle) shots make characters or objects look weak or insignificant shots make characters or objects look weak or insignificant  Worm’s Eye (low angle) shots make characters or objects look larger or more important

23. ZOOMING!ZOOMING!  Zoom – Zooming out or in can be used to guide audience attention throughout a scene but should not be overused to avoid viewer “seasickness”

24. Other Visual Storytelling Tips n Transitions (dissolves, cuts, computer animation) connect shots and control pacing  Differential Focus- by changing focus from subjects in foreground to background, one can guide audience attention through a scene

25. How To Frame A Shot (Subject Facing Camera) Subject can be centered Headroom

26. How to Frame A Shot (Subject looking to one side) How to Frame A Shot (Subject looking to one side) Headroom Give lead or “ talking” room

27. How to Frame A Shot Using the Rule of Thirds How to Frame A Shot Using the Rule of Thirds Place most interesting part of subject where lines cross. Notice body and eyes lie along these lines instead of picture’s center. 123 1 2 3

28. Viewfinder Lens Assembly Auto Zoom Control Switch Wide Telephoto Inset Detail Auto/Manual Focus Controls W T Battery Compartment Power/ Record Controls Microphone Playback Controls Diagram of a Typical Camcorder

29. Close up of Controls (location of these will vary from camera to camera) Diagram of a Typical Camcorder Viewfinder Menu Access Mode Control Camera/Play Audio Video Port Record Button

30. Common Video Mistakes…..  Too much headroom - bad framing  Subject in front of bright backlight  Shaky camera - no tripod  No shot variation - wide shot  Insufficient planning - no script  lack of pre and post roll

31. Audio Track Parts  Talking  Sound effects  Music  Natural sound

32. Audio Tips  If possible use headphones to monitor  Select microphones based on project needs  Place microphone right distance from source  When using built-in microphone move closer and zoom out  Listen for distracting background noises

33. Common Audio Mistakes…..  using only cam mike  mike too far from sound source  not monitoring audio

34. On-Air Tips for Talent n n Make sure ahead of time that you can read and properly pronounce words (especially people’s names) n n Wait for your cue before speaking n n Smile! (when appropriate)

35. On-Air Tips for Talent n n When addressing audience, look into camera when speaking as much as possible. Hold referred to objects close to face when possible so it is easy to frame shot “spokesmodel pose” n n Speak clearly, projecting your voice toward the microphone

36. Pre-Production  Decide on target audience and purpose  Write scripts /storyboards  Set up interviews/ prepare questions  Pick and obtain access to locations  Plan and build sets and obtain props  Audition and choose talent  Plan for special effects, graphics, and website graphics, and website

37. Planning Your Production  Production starts with written plan  Treatments, outlines, scripts and /or storyboards are all part of the planning process  Scripts take many forms but should have a place for both audio (sound) and video (picture)  Storyboards are really comic strip versions of production where shots are drawn with the audio written as captions underneath

38. Script Writing Process n Research- This involves not only looking for factual information but possible sources for stills, video segments, audio sources etc. n Content Outline- The framework for the script. which contains all the information the script will have. It's easier to edit, cut, or add to later. The outline is laid out in the sequence of the script. n Treatment- written in story format (in commercial world the treatment is used often to “sell” the production before actual script is written) n 1 st, 2 nd, and final draft process

39. Script Example Video Video EST. Shot -of school exterior Med. Shot- Student host pointing at building building WS. Shot – Student walks through door door Med. 2 shot- Host and school director CU- Director’s face as he is talking EST. Shot- Scriptwriter’s office with her at her computer Audio Audio V.O- Welcome to the ACME School of Production Let’s go inside and take a tour! Music This is the school’s director, Mr. Doe What are you going to show us today? Well I thought we would start by talking with our scriptwriter, Ms. Smith. Director – Well hello Ms. Smith! We have a visitor with us, Mr. Host

40. Shot Abbreviations  (ECU) Extreme Close-up Shot  (CU) Close-up Shot  (Med) Medium Shot  (WS) Wide Shot  (POV) Point of View Shot  (EST) Establishing Shot

41. Sample Storyboard The veterinarian will take a blood sample She will use a special needle to take the sample She will check the sample under a microscope

42. Interview Tips  Write a focus sentence  Research the subject  Target your audience correctly  Prepare a complete list of questions  Describe the purpose to the subject before the interview

43. Interview Tips  Don’t interview the subject without the camera before the actual interview  LISTEN!  Ask good follow-up questions  Be polite and professional  Take notes during interview of B-roll shots that will need to be recorded to cover the audio content

44. Interview No-No’s  Yes and no questions  “I see” and “Uh-huh”  Two-part questions  Obvious questions  Questions in poor taste  Questions that have already been answered

45. Roles in Production  Producer – Oversees project, Guides idea, works with director Guides idea, works with director  Director - Guides actual production (calls the shots!)  Assistant Producer/Assistant Director- finds resources, gets copyright okays, sets schedules, arrange interviews, locations  Talent - On-camera host, anchor, or actor delivers lines, acts in character, follows director’s cues

46. Roles in Production  Camera person - Operates camera, tells story visually as guided by director  Audio Engineer – Records and manages sound  Scriptwriter – writes scripts & storyboards  Computer Generated Imaging (CGI) Designer- Creates text, still images, and animations for onscreen and web use.  Website Designer- Many programs have websites or are delivered as part of a website.

47. The “Magic” of TV (Special Effects and Post Production)  Editing  Graphics  Special Effects  Animation  Make-up

48. Post-ProductionPost-Production  The best pieces of video and audio are picked and put in the right order.  The video pieces are edited together.  Graphics (words on screen) and computer effects are created and edited in.  The audio track is edited (sweetened) with sound effects, music, and natural sounds placed where needed.

49. Editing: In-Camera/Non-Linear  In-Camera editing: Plan and shoot in order using record/pause feature. Little flexibility for later rearrangement.  Non-Linear: shoot video and then input into computer with non-linear editing software. Video and audio segments represented by icons placed on a desktop timeline in desired order. Segments can easily be rearranged and graphics, transitions, effects integrated to created finished product.

50. Using EncycloMedia With Photo Story The Rock Cycle

51. Some Examples of Original Production Using EncycloMedia Content These short movies were created using “MovieMaker” to incorporate original video combined with Encyclomedia and clips.

52. 5000 videos- 50,000 video segments (estimated by Jan 2009) 5000 videos- 50,000 video segments (estimated by Jan 2009) 155 of KET’s original programs 155 of KET’s original programs 20,000 digital images 20,000 digital images 400 songs, 3000 sound effects 400 songs, 3000 sound effects 40 historic speeches 40 historic speeches Discovery Atlas Interactive Map Discovery Atlas Interactive Map Some Features Your Familiar With

53. What Can be Used from Encylomedia in Your MovieMaker productions? n Video segments with the Edit icon n Digital Stills n Sound effects n Songs (this are for elementary ages)

54. Windows MovieMaker Required Equipment: Recommended accessories for camera: Recommended accessories for computer: Required Equipment: Recommended accessories for camera: Recommended accessories for computer: Required Equipment: MiniDV or hard drive digital video camera MiniDV or hard drive digital video camera Computer that supports a digital video connection Computer that supports a digital video connection Microsoft Windows XP with Movie Maker version 2.1 or higher Microsoft Windows XP with Movie Maker version 2.1 or higher i.Link port (also known as FireWire or IEEE 1394) on your i.Link port (also known as FireWire or IEEE 1394) on your computer computer Recommended accessories for computer: hard disk drive hard disk drive DVD burner with writeable DVD media DVD burner with writeable DVD media Headphones Headphones Microphone Microphone

55. Windows MovieMaker Required Equipment: Recommended accessories for camera: Recommended accessories for computer: Required Equipment: Recommended accessories for camera: Recommended accessories for computer: For taking video from your camera Import video file from EncycloMedia or other source For importing still photos For importing sound files Collections do not store resources just “point” to them Effects change the look of the video, ex. film grain Transitions are digital effects that “connect” segments Titles and credits create print graphics at beginning and end Automatically creates a movie based on the selected clips or collection Automatically creates a movie based on the selected clips or collection.

56. Using EncycloMedia Content With VoiceThread

57. Some KET Resource Integration Sites Missi Baker’s Blog and Wiki www.missibket.blogspot.com www.missibket.wikispaces.com Cynthia Warner’s Wiki http://cwarnerket.wikidot.com Larry’s Wiki http://lmooreketresources.wikispaces.com

58. CitationsCitations Television Goes to School: The Impact of Video on Student Learning in Formal Education (Jan 2004). Provided by the Education Department Corporation for Public Broadcasting created by EDC’s Center for Children and Technology Rogow, F. R. (1997). Don’t turn off the lights! Tips for classroom use of ITV. Insighters Educational Consulting. Singer, J.L. & Singer, D.G. (1983) Implications of childhood television viewing for cognition, imagination, and emotion. In J. Bryant and D.R. Anderson, (Eds.) (1983). Children’s Understanding of Television: Research on attention and comprehension. New York: Academic Press. Gardner, H. (1999.) Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. New York: Basic Books. Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The theory

59. Citations Center for International Education/University of Wisconsin- Created: May 17, 2001- Updated: Copyright © 2005- Robert J. Beck, Ph.D- All rights reserved. Discovery Education for access to KET EncycloMedia clips

60. You may use this PowerPoint in whole or in part but please cite KET as the source!