1. ES component and structure Dr. Ahmed Elfaig The production system or rule-based system has three main component and subcomponents shown in Figure 1. 1.Knowledge base: Contain knowledge and rules in the forms of if….then structure e.g. If all conditions on the left hand are fulfilled then execute the right hand side i.e. then take action -The rules have antecedents or condition part (left side) and conclusion or action part on the right side - Logically relates if part with then part -This requires planning, accounting and organizing knowledge structure - Requires validation and verification of complete knowledge base

2. ES component and structure Inference Engine -Is the set of procedures for manipulating the information in the knowledge base through reasoning processes which are similar to those human experts -It makes inferences by deciding which rules, facts or objects satisfy priority - Using either forward changing or backward changing

3. ES Component and Architecture

4. ES component and structure The inference engine is capable of: 1.Selecting the rules pertinent to a specific problem 2.Determine whether a rule premises has been satisfied 3.Carrying out the action specified in the rule conclusion

5. ES component and structure User interface (the input-output interface) -Permits the user to communicate with the system in natural way (user-software communication) -Permits the user to interact with the ES by querying and obtaining results from the system These three components should be designed in such a way to keep each component independent from other component for the purpose of easy updating, adding, modifying, and maintaining the system faster

6. ES component and structure Explanation Facility is an additional component that makes ES more usable -It explains the reasoning of the system to the user -This response to How and why query

7. ES Development Tool Various languages and shell had been developed and adopted in developing ES e.g. 1.Prolog ( Turboprolog) version 1.1) 2.Turpo Pascal) 3.CLIPS ( C Language Integrated Production System) CLIPS, has been developed, grown rapidly and widely used because of the followings: a.Portability B. Extendibility C. Capabilities D. Low cost and easy to operate E. The user can take assistant from references, manual and web sites

8. General Limitation of ES Ess can not understand freely written English, instead, the user types standards phrase, words or select from a given lists through the designed user

9. Conceptual framework : ES Study Approach Combine existing knowledge with field results and textual data by the knowledge engineer in suitable format to produce ES Division of the problem into main modules and sub-modules All the modules gear towards knowledge base Design of the system Validation and verification of the system Application Further research as shown in figure 2.

10. Conceptual framework : ES Study Approach

13. Importance of Knowledge acquisition Importance of knowledge come from the fact that : The power utility of any system depends on underlying knowledge quality The clients acceptance of the system depends on the validity of the knowledge it has.

14. Type of knowledge Declarative knowledge: which is used to describe the problem characteristics and concepts Heuristic knowledge: Knowledge used to make judgement or strategic rule of thumb.