1. Enduring Understandings 1. Nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances propelled the industrialized nations into a devastating world war. 2. Advancement of technology changed the nature of global conflict and cooperation. 3. Cooperation among nations may not necessarily be fair for all parties. 1.Review events of WWI by plotting the key events on a timeline – color code Eastern Front, Western Front, Southern and rest of the world 2.Complete page 15 – graphically organize understanding of how the war ended with the Treaty of Versailles. 3.Compare how the Treaty of Versailles compared with the Congress of Vienna and the lessons to be learned from the differences by completing page 16. 4.Work with groups on storybook

2. 1. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 2. Russian mobilization 3. Creation of Triple Alliance 4. Creation of Triple entente 5. 1 st Battle of Marne 6. 2 nd Battle of Marne 7. Battle of Somme 8. Battle of Verdun 9. American entrance to war 10. Sinking of Lusitania 11. Zimmerman Letter uncovered 12. German military mutiny 13. Germany declares war on Russia 14. Germany declares war on France 15. Gallipoli campaign 16. Arab revolt led by Hussein bin Ali and his son Faisal 17. Abdication by Russian Czar 18. Lenin and Bolsheviks take over Russia 19. Signing of Treaty of Brest Litovsk 20. Armistice 21. Signing of Treaty of Versailles 22. Italy switches sides 23. Ottomans and Bulgarians surrender 24. Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates 25. Austria invades Serbia 26. Britain enters the war 27. Submarine warfare begins

3. 1882 - Creation of Triple Alliance 1907 - Creation of Triple entente June 28, 1914 - Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand July 28, 1914 - Austria invades Serbia July 29, 1914 - Russian mobilization Aug 1&3, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia & France Aug 4, 1914 – UK declares war on Germany Sept 5-10, 1914 - 1 st Battle of Marne Feb 4 1915 – German submarine war begins Feb-Dec 1916 - Battle of Verdun April 25, 1915 - Gallipoli campaign May 5, 1915 - Sinking of Lusitania June 5, 1916 - Arab revolt led by Hussein bin Ali and his son Faisal July-Nov 1916 - Battle of Somme Jan 1917 - Zimmerman Letter uncovered March 15, 1917 - Abdication by Russian Czar July 3, 1917 - American forces enter war Nov 7, 1917 - Lenin and Bolsheviks take over Russia Dec 3, 1917 - Signing of Treaty of Brest Litovsk May 31, 1918 - 2 nd Battle of Marne July-Oct 1918 - German military mutiny Nov 9, 1918 - Kaiser abdicates Nov 11, 1918 - Armistice May 23, 1915 - Italy switches sides Oct 30, 1918 - Ottomans and Bulgarians surrender June 28, 1919 - Signing of Treaty of Versailles

4.  Conference to establish terms of peace after WWI  Represented by the “Big Four” o Woodrow Wilson, president of the United States (14 points proposal)- o Georges Clemenceau, prime minister of France o David Lloyd George, prime minister of Great Britain o Vittorio Orlando, prime minister of Italy  Not represented—Russia, Germany, German allies  Does this seem right?

5. 1. Open covenants of peace openly arrived at 2. Freedom of the seas 3. Freedom from trade barriers 4. Reduction of armaments 5. Impartial adjustment of colonial claims 6. Evacuation of Russian territory and Russian self-determination 7. Evacuation and restoration of Belgium 8. Evacuation of France and restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to France 9. Readjustment of Italian frontiers 10. Independent development for the peoples of Austria-Hungary 11. Readjustments in the Balkans 12. Independent development for the non-Turkish nationalities of the Ottoman Empire and the opening of the Dardanelles 13. Restoration of an independent Poland with access to the sea and 14. Establishment of a general association of nations. Wilson’s guiding principles: 1.Lasting peace based on 1.End to secret treaties 2.Freedom of the seas 3.Free trade 4.Reduction in standing militaries (end to militarism) 5.Adjustment of colonies 6.Self-determination 7.Creation of a global organization to keep the peace (League of Nations) 2.France and Britain had different concerns: 1.Their own national security against future attacks (US was protected by two big oceans) 2.Weakening German potential for war 3.Punishing Germany

7. 3. Treaty punished Germany A. Excludes Germany from League of Nations B. Seizes all colonial possessions in Africa and the Pacific C. Restricted the size and activities of its military D. Forced to accept full responsibility for the war E. Required to pay war reparations 4. Created new nations (see map 1918 Europe—pg. 382 or 857)map 5. Established a League of Nations, an international organization whose goal would be to keep peace among nations

8. 6. The US rejected the treaty because it did not want any foreign entanglements – 1. People (Senate) wanted US to stay out of European affairs 2. Did not like League of Nations, which would connect the US formally to the rest of the world and cause US to lose its sovereignty 7. The League was unable to do much without the financial and military support of the US. Plus without the US, the other countries believed that they could ignore the League whenever they wished 8. The Treaty of Versailles led to: 1. Tremendous humiliation feelings by Germans and Italians 2. Weak economies in Italy and Germany 3. Africans and Asians were disappointed and angry that their goals for independence had been ignored (Wilson’s self-determination proposal was ignored by Britain and France at Versailles) 4. Italy and Japan very disappointed that they gained little land concessions from the losers.

9.  The war left 8.5 million soldiers dead and 21 million wounded, as well as millions of civilians dead and wounded  The war cost $338 billion, destroys land and towns in Europe and Russia, and caused disillusionment in society, as an entire generation of Europeans is lost  Treaty of Versailles would not lead to a lasting peace, but instead serve as a cause of WWII