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The road to war in Europe

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Presentation on theme: "The road to war in Europe"— Presentation transcript:

1 The road to war in Europe 1870 - 1914
The alliance system International rivalry

2 The alliance system Bismarck is the key here
Franco – Prussian war 1870 – 71 Treaty of Frankfurt 1871 French desire for revenge Bismarck – get friends for Germany and keep France isolated – create the alliance system

3 Bismarck’s system Avoid a two front war Keep friendly with Russia
Keep friendly with Austria-Hungary But the Balkans get in the way!

4 An impossible task? DreiKaiserBund 1873
War in the Balkans 1877 – Russia creates « big Bulgaria » Bismarck calls Congress of Berlin Russia furious, Bismarck signed Dual Alliance with Austria 1879

5 Second DreiKaiserBund
1879 Renewed 1884 Russia refused to renew it in 1887 – Bulgarian crisis So what can Bismarck do now?

6 Mediterranean Agreements and Reinsurance Treaty
First Mediterranean Agreement 1887 (keep France isolated) Reinsurance Treaty with Russia 1887 Second Mediterranean Agreement 1887 (really to protect Germany if France and Russia ever formed an alliance)

7 Creation of Triple Alliance
1879 Dual Alliance 1882 Italy joined

8 Reinsurance treaty not renewed Alliance sytem now divided Europe
Bismarck dismissed 1890 Reinsurance treaty not renewed Alliance sytem now divided Europe

9 Creation of Triple Entente
1892 French / Russian military agreements Dual Entente 1894 Britain and France « entente cordiale » 1904 (no military clauses) Naval discussions 1907 Britain / Russia Entente.

10 Europe now divided into two armed camps
Alliance system had a series of clauses which involved automatic and immediate military action

11 International Rivalry
Weltpolitik Anglo German relations and naval arms race Crises in Morocco 1905 & 1911 The July crisis 1914


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