1. What shapes an ecosystem? 4-1, 4-2 A

2. Greenhouse effect CO 2, methane, water vapor trap heat energy Maintains Earth’s temp range Solar E is trapped, heat E doesn’t escape into space

3. Latitude effects Cause: Angle of sun’s heating and tilt of the earth Effect: Earth has 3 major climate zones Polar Temperate Tropical

4. Heat transport

5. Habitat = address Biotic factors: All other living things in the community Abiotic factors: climate, temp, rainfall, nutrients, sunlight Both determine survival and growth of organisms

6. Niche = job What it eats Place in the food web Physical conditions it needs to survive How it reproduces

7. Competition No two species can share the same niche in the same habitat. Ex: 3 types of warbler share the same tree, but feed at different places to decrease their competition

8. Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of the tree Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of the tree and at the bases of the middle branches Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of branches near the top of the tree Spruce tree Section 4-2 Figure 4-5 Three Species of Warblers and Their Niches

9. Succession A series of predictable changes to an ecosystem, in response to natural or human disturbances Primary: begins where no soil exists Secondary: change after a disturbance like fire or farming Succession at Mt. St. Helens following a volcanic eruption

10. Succession: from pioneer species to climax forest Lichens, moss create soil for succeeding plant species

11. Marine succession A whale dies and sinks to the ocean floor Fishes will eat the meat Amphipods, worms, bacteria complete the process of releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem