1. Organic Compounds: Carbohydrates Chapter 6

2. Function Provides a quick, immediate source of energy for all cell processes Energy (measured in calories) comes from the food that living things break down

3. Elements Carbohydrates are made out of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen The ratio of hydrogen: carbon/oxygen is 2:1 For example, C 6 H 12 O 6 (there’s twice as many H)

4. Naming of Carbohdyrates With the exception of starch and glycogen, all other carbohydrates end in -ose MaltoseSucrose GlucoseDextrose LactoseGalactose FructoseCellulose

5. Examples Carbohydrates are a diverse group of organic compounds, divided into 2 major categories: Simple Sugars (include monosaccharides and disaccharides) Complex Sugars (polysaccharides) Use the prefixes to help you: Mono-one Di-two Poly-many Saccharide- “sugar”

6. Simple Sugars Monosaccharides and Disaccharides are called simple sugars because they are made up of only one or two individual sugar molecules Monosaccharides- made up of one sugar Disaccharides- made up of two sugars linked together

7. Monosaccharides Monosaccharides are the building blocks of all other carbohydrates It is the simplest type of carbohydrate All have chemical formula C 6 H 12 O 6 Represented by hexagon or pentagon shape

8. Monosaccharide Examples Glucose- most important carbohydrate, produced from photosynthesis; major energy source for all life on earth Fructose- sugar in fruit Galactose- combines with another sugar to make lactose (milk sugar)

9. Disaccharides Still a simple sugar formed from linking two monosaccharides together Represented as two hexagons or pentagons bonded together

10. Disaccharide Examples Lactose- sugar in milk, formed from bonding glucose and galactose Sucrose- table sugar, formed from bonding glucose and fructose Maltose- malt sugar (like chocolate covered malt balls or malt milkshakes), formed from bonding glucose and glucose

11. Testing for Simple Sugars The indicator Benedicts Solution is used to test for the presence of any simple sugar List the examples of foods that contain simple sugars

13. Complex Sugars Complex Sugars are also called polysaccharides (“many sugars”) They are formed from linking many monosaccharides together

14. Polysaccharide Examples Starch- energy storage in plants, food source for developing plant in seeds, beans, and bulbs Glycogen- energy storage in animals (in liver) Cellulose- forms the cell wall of plants and gives plants structural support (linked like a chain link fence)

15. Testing for Starch The indicator Iodine Solution is used to test for the presence of starch Turns a blackish purple color List the examples of foods that contain starch