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Big Idea 7: Earth Systems and Patterns Weather and Climate Activities

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1 Big Idea 7: Earth Systems and Patterns Weather and Climate Activities
Grade 5 Big Idea 7: Earth Systems and Patterns Weather and Climate Activities First Presented at the ELEMENTARY SCIENCE COACHES and LEADERS DIALOGUE May 2nd – 6th, 2011 Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist Glenda Moton, Curriculum Support Specialist Millard Lightburn, Ph.D. District Science Supervisor Division of Mathematics, Science and Advanced Academics

2 Earth and Space Science Big Idea 7: Earth Systems and Patterns
SC.5.E Create a model to explain the parts of the water cycle. Water can be a gas, a liquid, or a solid and can go back and forth from one state to another. Also Assesses: SC.5.E Recognize that the ocean is an integral part of the water cycle and is connected to all of Earth's water reservoirs via evaporation and precipitation processes. The Water Cycle or The Water Cycle (video)

3 Big Idea 7: Earth Systems and Patterns (Benchmarks New to Grade 5)
SC.5.E Recognize how air temperature, barometric pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction, and precipitation determine the weather in a particular place and time. SC.5.E Distinguish among the various forms of precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, and hail), making connections to the weather in a particular place and time. SC.5.E Recognize that some of the weather-related differences, such as temperature and humidity, are found among different environments, such as swamps, deserts, and mountains. SC.5.E Describe characteristics (temperature and precipitation) of different climate zones as they relate to latitude, elevation, and proximity to bodies of water.

4 What is WEATHER? √ WEATHER is
the mix of events that happen each day in our atmosphere including temperature, rainfall and humidity.

5 The Building Blocks of Weather
Clouds √ Video: Clouds Make Our World a Better Place Activity: Make Fog in a Jar; Create a Portable Cloud Precipitation √ Video: Water Vapor, Clouds, Dew and Frost rain sleet hail Wind √ Activity: Winds: Soaking Up the Rays √ Recipe for Weather

6 Cloud Types Cumulus 2. Cirrus 3. Stratus 4. Cumulonimbus
Video: Cloud Types Cloud Types (Then click on Cloud Type Photograph Presentation Power Point). Cumulus 2. Cirrus 3. Stratus 4. Cumulonimbus fair weather” fluffy, white cotton ball clouds ice clouds thin, white clouds that can cover the whole sky producing little precipitation thunderstorm clouds

7 Stratus Clouds Low Level Clouds
Stratus clouds often look like thin, white sheets covering the whole sky. Since they are so thin, they seldom produce much rain or snow. Sometimes, in the mountains or hills, these clouds appear to be fog.

8 Cumulus Clouds Mid Level Clouds
Cumulus clouds are the fluffy, white cotton ball or cauliflower-looking clouds with sharp outlines. They are "fair weather clouds" and they are fun to watch as they grow and change in shape and size. Cumulus clouds make beautiful sunsets.

9 Cumulonimbus Mid Level Clouds
Cumulonimbus clouds are a sure sign of bad weather to come. These clouds build up on hot days when warm, wet air rises very high into the sky. Up and down winds within the cloud may push water droplets up to very cold parts of the atmosphere, where they freeze. When the ice drops come back down, they get another coating of water and are pushed back up to freeze again. Finally, they get too heavy to stay in the cloud and fall to the Earth as hail stones.

10 Cirrus Clouds High Level Clouds
Cirrus clouds are ice clouds. They can look like delicate white feathers or streamers. They are always more than three miles up where the temperature is below freezing, even in summer. Wind currents twist and spread the ice crystals into wispy strands.

11 Clouds in Art Activity Using the S’COOL Cloud Chart
Cloud Type Quiz: Match both Columns thunderstorm clouds ice clouds a. fair weather” fluffy, white cotton ball clouds thin, white clouds that can cover the whole sky producing little precipitation 1. Cumulus 2. Cirrus 3. Stratus 4. Cumulonimbus

12 Cloud Type Quiz Answers
Video: Water Cycle & Cloud Quiz 1. Cumulus 2. Cirrus 3. Stratus 4. Cumulonimbus C. fair weather” fluffy, white cotton ball clouds B. ice clouds D. thin, white clouds that can cover the whole sky producing little precipitation thunderstorm clouds (Activity: Make a Cloud Finder and Cloud Poem)

13 √ Weather observations & Tools
thermometer rain gauge barometer wind vane anemometer & radar cloud classification charts √ Observation temperature amount of precipitation air pressure √ (Activity: Air Pressure: The Pressure is On) wind direction (Video: Measuring Wind ) wind speed√ (Activity: How do you Measure Wind Speed?) cloud conditions including type and altitude of clouds

14 Severe Weather √ √ Owlie Skywarn's Weather Book
Thunderstorms Tornadoes Hurricanes Blizzards

15 Understanding Climate √
Video: Weather is Different from Day to Day, Place to Place Climate is … Regional climate is the climate where you live. It is the average weather in a place over more than thirty years. Dry Season Wet Season Global climate is a description of the climate of a planet as a whole, with all the regional differences averaged. Tool Kit for teachers:

16 A big factor that influences weather and climate worldwide:
Sun √ Its heat travels in all directions from the Sun and is the ultimate source of all energy on Earth and our seasons. Its energy is responsible for all sorts of weather events. Wind occurs when sunlight heats the ground, which heats the air above it, which rises, so that cool air whisks in to take its place. Video: The Sun’s Angle on Different Parts of the Earth

17 Climate Zones √ Polar (mountains) Temperate Tropical Desert (arid)
very cold and dry all year mild to cold winters and mild to dry hot summers hot and wet all year dry, hot all year US climate zones

18 Temperate Climates Temperate climates have warm summers and cool winters with year-round rain or snow. Temperate forests are characterized by deciduous trees, which lose their leaves during the winter.

19 Polar Climates Polar climates are cold and dry, with long, dark winters. In the tundra (a treeless region bordering the Arctic), temperatures rise above freezing for only a few months each year

20 Tropical Climates Tropical rainforests are found in regions near the equator. Here, the climate is hot and wet all year, with temperatures remaining at around 80–82ºF (27–28ºC). Tropical grasslands, such as the African savanna, lie between desert areas and tropical rainforests. The climate is hot all year, but with a distinct wet season and dry season.

21 Factors Affecting Climate Zones
Latitude or the distance of a place north or south of the equator √ Elevation(altitude)or the distance of a place above sea level Proximity to water

22 Latitude √ Latitude or the distance of a place north or south of the equator, affects the temperatures that commonly occur in an area. As the Sun warms the equator more than the poles, climate varies with latitude. Temperatures are generally lower as your get farther from the equator (higher latitudes). This image shows how sea surface temperatures changes at different latitudes. Red colors indicate warmer ocean water, blues and purples indicate cooler ocean water.

23 Elevation √ Elevation or the distance of a place above sea level, affects an area’s temperature. Temperatures generally decrease as elevation increases – about 6.5º Celsius cooler for every kilometer you climb. As a result, areas at high elevations, such as tall mountains, are generally cooler than places closer to sea level. Mountains can also affect the amount of precipitation that an area on either side of a mountain receives called the rain shadow effect. √ (Activity: How can you make a model of the effect of a mountain rainfall?)

24 Proximity to Bodies of Water √
Water temperature rises and falls much more slowly than land or air temperatures. This is why air at the shore or beach is generally cooler than air over land. In winter, the water is generally warmer than the air over the land. The water helps to keep air temperatures from changing a lot over land near the ocean. This makes for mild climates in shore areas. Areas further inland generally have greater difference in temperature from summer to winter.

25 Comparing Climates √ Typical Winter Typical Summer San Diego 9º C 48ºF
Phoenix 5º C 41ºF Typical Summer San Diego 24º C 75ºF Phoenix º C 106ºF

26 What Else Controls Climate. http://www. windows. ucar
The Sun Volcanoes Greenhouse gases Snow and Ice Living Things Living Things Affect Climate Aerosols Aerosols and Climate Change


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