1. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 1 Measles Virus

2. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 2 Symptoms Measles prodrome Prior to the appearance of the rash, Measles prodrome Prior to the appearance of the rash, the patient suffers from prodromal illness with conjunctivitis, swelling of the eyelids, photophobia, high fevers to 105° F, hacking cough and malaise. * Koplik's Spots : * Koplik's Spots : Koplik's spots. A day or 2 before the rash, the patient develops small red-based lesions with blue- white centers in the mouth. Think of a cop licking a red-white-blue lollipop. the patient develops small red-based lesions with blue- white centers in the mouth. Think of a cop licking a red-white-blue lollipop.

3. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 3 Rash: The measles rash is red. It spreads out from the forehead to the face, neck, and torso, and hits the feet by the third day, As the measles rash spreads downward,the initial rash on the head and shoulders coalesces.

4. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 4 Diagnosis Clinical diagnosis of measles requires a history of fever of at least three days, with at least one of the three C's (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis). Observation of Koplik's spots is also diagnostic of measles. Clinical diagnosis of measles requires a history of fever of at least three days, with at least one of the three C's (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis). Observation of Koplik's spots is also diagnostic of measles.

5. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 5 Alternatively, laboratory diagnosis of measles can be done with confirmation of positive measles IgM antibodies or isolation of measles virus RNA from respiratory specimens. In patients where phlebotomy not possible, saliva can be collected for salivary measles-specific IgA testing. Alternatively, laboratory diagnosis of measles can be done with confirmation of positive measles IgM antibodies or isolation of measles virus RNA from respiratory specimens. In patients where phlebotomy not possible, saliva can be collected for salivary measles-specific IgA testing.

6. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 6 Mumps Mumps is one of the commonly acquired viral diseases of childhood and is the most common cause of aseptic meningitis. However, its incidence in developed countries has decline dramatically since the advent of vaccination

7. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 7 E. Laboratory Diagnosis During mumps infection, several non- specific findings may be present in the blood. The WBC may be low with lymphocytes predominating. ESR and CRP may be normal or slightly elevated. Amylase levels may be elevated

8. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 8 1. Serology a serological diagnosis is usually made by finding a significant increase in Ab titres in 2 serum samples taken 10 - 14 days apart. In some cases, the detection of IgM may be used to diagnosis acute infection. Although only 1 serotype of mumps exist, cross-reactions between mumps virus and paramyxovirus makes serological results difficult to interpret on occasions. Several techniques are available :

9. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 9 CFT the CFT is still the widely used for the diagnosis of mumps. Two antigenic preparations are commonly used, the V antigen (consists mainly of HN glycoprotein), and the S antigen (consists mainly of the NP). Antibodies against S appear early and are short-lived, whilst antibodies to V antigens appear slowly but persists longer. By comparing titres using the two different antigens, it is often possible to make a serological diagnosis early in the course of illness. However, due to problems with cross-reactivity, a paired serum sample is always needed for a reliable by CFT.

10. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 10 Solid phase ELISA or RIA - various assays are available for the determination of IgM and IgG. However, capture IgM assays are liable to interference from Rheumatoid Factor. Elisa tests are useful in the measurement of mumps antibodies in CSF. The greater sensitivity allows the determination of the exact CSF/serum ratio and a ratio of greater than 100 signifies intrathecal synthesis. However, the blood-brain barrier should be intact and proper controls should be used. This may be an unrelated antibody or albumin.

11. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 11 Rubella Is a contagious viral disease and is one of the lightest infectious diseases unit and most safety especially if there are injuries in early childhood cause skin rashes, red tilted to the color pink, first appears on the face and quickly spread throughout the body but a woman is pregnant German measles in the first three months of pregnancy leads to multiple congenital abnormalities such as cardiac abnormalities, deafness and eye injury

12. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 12 Complications of the disease The most important complications of rubella is a congenital rubella syndrome, where CRS has caused birth defects of the fetus when the mother is pregnant Iilath German measles in the first months of pregnancy.

13. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 13 Rubella virus is the pathogenic agent of the disease Rubella, and is the cause of congenital rubella syndrome when infection occurs during the first weeks of lunacy. Humans are the only known host of this virus Rubella virus is the only member of the genus of Rubivirus and belongs to the family of Togaviridae, whose members commonly have a genome of single-stranded RNA of positive polarity which is enclosed by an icosahedral capsid. The RNA-genome inside the capsid has a length of approximately 9,757 nucleotides and encodes for two non-structural as well as three structural proteins The capsid protein and the two glycosylated envelope proteins E1 and E2 make up for the three structural proteins. The molecular basis for the causation of congenital rubella syndrome are not yet completely clear, but in vitro studies with cell lines showed that Rubella virus has an apoptotic effect on certain cell types. There is evidence for a p53-dependent mechanism

14. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 14 Method of infection and spread: Transmitted measles German by infection by aerosols (ie, inhaling air that contains a virus disease) from an infected person to person through respiratory secretions like sneezing or nasal mucus infection occurs, and if the fetus moves to infection through the placenta from the mother infected

15. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 15 E - not continue to rise in temperature and skin rash for more than three days, with spreading rash of the face to the rest of the body and disappears rapidly during that period, so-called disease is sometimes "measles three days", and swollen lymph may continue for a period of 70-10 days D - a pain in the joints.

16. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 16 Diagnosis Rubella virus can be isolated from nasal, blood, throat, urine and cerebrospinal fluid specimens from rubella and CRS cases. Virus may be isolated from the pharynx 1 week before and until 2 weeks after rash onset. Although isolation of the virus is diagnostic of rubella infection, viral cultures are labor intensive and therefore, not done in many laboratories; they are generally not used for routine diagnosis of rubella. Viral isolation is an extremely valuable epidemiologic tool, and should be attempted for all suspected cases of rubella or CRS.

17. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 17 Serology is the most common method of confirming the diagnosis of rubella. Acute rubella infection can be serologically confirmed by a significant rise in rubella antibody titer in acute and convalescent serum specimens or by the presence of serum rubella IgM. Sera should be collected as early as possible (within 7–10 days) after onset of illness, and again 14-21 days (minimum of 7) days later. There are three different serologic tests:

18. Free Powerpoint TemplatesPage 18 Treatment (treatment of German measles): Does not need more people with German measles for treatment, and there they all need to rest until the symptoms disappear. In addition to taking paracetamol to reduce temperature and pain relief, if any