1. Adaptive immunity – B cell
Immune system
Adaptive immunity – B cell
En-young

2. INTRODUCTION What is the Immune system
The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders. Through a series of steps called the immune response, the immune system attacks organisms and substances that invade our systems and cause disease. The immune system is made up of a network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body.

3. Immune system Innate immunity
· Responses are Broad-Spectrum (non-specific)
· There is no memory or lasting protective immunity
· There is a limited repertoire of recognition molecules
· The responses are phylogenetically ancient

4. Immune system Adaptive immunity · Specific immunity
· Humoral immune response (B cell)
· cell mediated immune response (T cell)
· This makes the information about the antibody
at the memory cell and put.

5. The adaptive immune system
The two main classes of adative immune responses.
Lymphocytes carry out both classes of responses. Here, the lymphocytes are responding to viral infection. In one class of response,
B cell secrete antibodies that neutralize the virus. In the other, a cell-mediated response, T cell kill the virus –infected cell

6. B cell B Cell induces Ag-Ab reaction Plasma cell
·An antibody manufacture (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD)
·Golgi complex is develop
because the secretion activity is active.
Memory cell
·After termination of immune response,
the cell memories the Ag.
·When reinvaded by the same Ag,
Immune response is more short.

7. Antibody structure Antibodies are immune system related proteins
called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of
four polypeptides–Two heavy chains and two light
chains joined to form a "Y" shaped molecule.
variable region, composed of amino acids,
give the antibody its specificity for binding antigen.
Treating the antibody with a protease can cleave
this region, producing Fab or fragment antigen
binding that include the variable ends of an antibody.
Material used for the studies shown below originated
from Fab.
The constant region determines the mechanism used
to destroy antigen. Antibodies are divided into five
major classes, IgM, IgG, Iga, IgD and IgE, based on
their constant region structure and immune function.

8. Kinds of the Antibody IgG Inherited through the placenta.
IgM Produced at first stage of the immunity reaction. participate in the
immunity reaction about a compositeness antigen infection.
IgA protect the mucous membrane surface.
IgD The role of an antigen promotion lymph differentiation.
IgE Relevance to an allergy disease.

9. B cell development
All of the stages shown occur independently of antigen. When they
are activated by their specific foreign antigen and helper T cell in
peripheral lymphoid organs, mature naïve B cell proliferate and diff
-erentiate and differentiate into effector or memory cell.

10. B cell activation When naïve or memory B cells
are activation by antigen (and
helper T cells), they proliferate
and differentiate into effector
cells.
The effector cells produce
and secrete antibodies with a
unique antigen-binding site,
which is the same as that of
their original membrane-bound
antibodies that served as
antigen receptors.

11. Anergy: two signal theory of B cell activation
Early theories of B cell activation
proposed that two signals were
required and that lacking one,
cells would become "paralyzed.“
Self-reactive cells would be deleted
because of the low probability
of two such faulty signals being
generated simultaneously. It is now
known that mature B cells that have
received their first signal rapidly die
unless they receive their second
signal. The strength of the signal
also affects time to death, with
strong signals inducing rapid
apoptosis in B cells.

12. B cell activation & effector
Antigen Recognition
effect of T cell & cytokine
B cell activation
Continued activating or processing of apoptosis

13. Summary