2. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS IT and the Transforming of the Home (Life) Alladi Venkatesh (CRITO) University of California, Irvine (Project NOAH) http://www.crito.uci.edu/noah January 27, 2003

3. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS IT in the Home : Major Projects l Pre-Internet 1985-86 (NSF) l Post Internet (1) 1998-2000 (NSF) (MTC – Sweden) l Post Internet (2) 2001-2005 (NSF)

4. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Major Focus l Home Applications/Uses l Impacts on Home (Family) Life l Children’s use of IT in the home l Design Issues (Technologies for the Home) l Wired Community (Ladera Ranch)

5. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Some Conceptual Issues

6. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Distinction Between l Home l Family

7. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Distinction Between l Home As A Living Space l Family As A Domestic Unit

8. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Home As A Living Space Home As An Activity Center Home As An Information Center Home As A Communication Center Home As An Entertainment Center Home As A Learning Center Home As A Shopping Center Home As A Work Center

9. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Family Structure Family Networks Roles (Size - Life Cycle) Home Time SpaceResources Management (Activities) (Activities) (Consumption) Values Family/ Life Style Politics/Social Life Style Cultural (Attitudes/ Values Behaviors) (E.g. Children, Marriage, Work, Materialism etc Family As A Domestic Unit

10. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Research or Policy Question: Is IT Transforming the Home or Family or both? What are the Implications?

11. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Some Key Findings

12. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS 1. The Technology Push

13. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Home Technology Evolution First Generation (1980s-Early 1990s) Pre-Internet Applications Word Processing Games Education Contexts Work (Employment) Education Entertainment Second Generation (Late 1990s) Internet On-line Banking and Finance On-line Shopping Information/News Home enertainment E-mail -(Communication Personal/Work) Home Mangement Web-based Research Education -(Home/School Learning) Third generation (2000 + ) Post-Internet Networking Home Automation Smart appliances Wireless Communication Artificial Intelligence Based Educational Tools Remote Access Technologies Simple Robotics

14. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Automated Home l Security l Smart Appliances and Thinking Machines l Connectivity of Appliances l Interactivity with Appliances

15. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS 2. From The User’s Side

16. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Mid - 1980s l Penetration of computers 12% households in the US l 70% of the Home Use accounted for by men l 70% of the home use was work related

17. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS 1999-2000 l Penetration of computers 60% of the h.holds in the US l Male/Female Use Roughly equal l Adult/Children use roughly equal l Multiple uses (email, games, information, home management)

18. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Mean No of Computers at Home: 1.39 US Households Mean Hours of use per week: 14.00 hours Computer Applications: 6.7 Age of Computer in the Home: 5.2yrs Access to the Internet outside the home:65% HHs with computers with children: 45% No digital divide among middle to higher income groups

19. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS 3. The Emergence of the Networked Home

20. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Networked Home External Networks Internal Networks Office Shopping Schools Social Family Friends Technology

21. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Internet Uses at Home USASweden Work Center 56% 61% Shopping Center31% 28% Online Banking/Financial39% 41% Communication Center 92% 87 % Information Center76% 60% Home Management Center Financial Management56% 42% Other 23% 19% Entertainment/Recreation Center Family Entertainment/Games86% 84% Home Learning Center Adult Education21%11% Children’s Education69%58%

22. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS 4. Key Perceptions

23. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Some Key Perceptions l Computers are important tools of communication, information. Integral part of home life. l Computers are essential but slightly less so than other domestic technologies (e.g.. Refrigerator, telephone, automobile etc). l However, it is a different issue when it comes to children. Do not want to be left out. l Need to stay current but there is also a need for balance and control l High levels of frustration with the technology but does not deter use l Women look at technologies more holistically

24. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS 5. User Profile

25. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Variety Of Uses Rate of use High Low High Low Intense Users 30% Limited 30% Specialized 20% Experimental 19% User Typology

26. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Disadopters l Users 90% l Disadopters (10%)

27. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Characteristics of Intense Users l Lead users (Drivers of Diffusion) l Families with children l Candidates for futuristic technologies l Feel the highest impact l Most optimistic view of technology

28. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS 6. Transformational Issues

29. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Research or Policy Question: Is IT Transforming the Home or the Family or both? What are the Implications?

30. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Home As Living Space 1950s 2000+ *Home Management Center **Work Center **Entertainment Center ***Communication Center ***Information Center *Learning Center *Shopping Center Transformational Points

31. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Family Structure Family Networks Roles (Size - Life Cycle) Home Time SpaceResources Management (Activities) (Activities) (Consumption) Values Family/ Life Style Politics/Social Life Style Cultural (Attitudes/ Values Behaviors) (E.g. Children, Marriage, Work, Materialism etc Family As A Domestic Unit Transfor mation of the Family is said to occur when several elements of the family undergo major changes

32. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Transformation Issues l IT seems to have a significant role in transforming the Home Life (e.g. the emergence of the Networked home and the various centers ) l IT plays a lesser role in transforming the Family as a domestic unit. The family is certainly changing, independent of technology l Not all household users are the same. The intense users seem to exhibit a greater transformation potential. l An emerging generation of IT users, Children l From computerization of the home to domestication of the computer

33. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Opportunities for the Industry: Delivering home-based services via the Internet – not more technology

34. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Policy Issues l Explore home as a combination of Learning/Communication/Information Centers l Develop an infrastructure for delivery home-based services via the Internet l Provide incentives for home-based training and home- based learning l Study the Intense users for greater insights l Provide access, resources, skills especially for the less fortunate and accelerate technology based learning at home. l Develop a society of well-informed citizenry l All of this may have a positive impact on the national employment and job scene in the long run.

35. N S F I N D U S T R Y / U N I V E R S I T Y C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H C E N T E R CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATIONS Home Informatics Conference HOIT 2003 April 6-8, 2003 CRITO UC Irvine Finally……