1. INTER AND SEQUENTIAL CROPPING (CROP ROTATION) IN RICE
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2. RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN INDIA
In rice growing areas several crop combinations (cropping systems) are in practice based on agro-ecological conditions, market and domestic needs and facilities available with farmers, some of the most prominent ones are being discussed under:
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3. 1. Mixed varietal cropping of rice
 2. Intercropping rice with other crops
 3. Relay cropping
 4. Sequential cropping in rice
5. Rice under integrated farming system
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4. 1. MIXED VARIETAL CROPPING OF RICE
System of mixing seed of early rice (ahu) with late maturing deep water rice (bao) is being practices in West Bengal to avoid total crop loss at the event of flood.
The seed of both the types of mixed in 1:1 ratio and has given higher yield than sole cropping of either type.
Similarly growing of a mixture of autumn and winter varieties in 3:1 ratio in Tamil Nadu and Kerala is very much in practice.
However, under normal conditions it has created problems in performing agricultural operations like harvesting, deciding fertilizer doses etc
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5. 2. INTERCROPPING RICE WITH OTHER CROPS
It is a common practice under upland conditions in north and north-eastern part of the country to grow rice intercropped with black gram, green gram, sesame, maize, finger millet or other miner millets.
The ratio of rice and inter crop is preferred to be 3-4:1.
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6.  3. RELAY CROPPING
The seed of succeeding crops like lentil, gram, pea, lathyrus, berseem, linseed etc. is sown broadcast in maturing rice crop.
This practice saves time; money (to be spent on land preparation etc.) utilizes residual fertility.
This practice is common in both upland and lowland rice culture.
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7. 4. SEQUENTIAL CROPPING IN RICE
Sequential cropping refers to the crops grown as preceding or succeeding with rice as shown below;
   Irrigated conditions                                     under upland
       Rice-Rice- Rice                                              Rice-Chickpea
       Rice-Rice- Cereal                                Rice-Lentil
       Rice-Rice- Pulses                             Rice- Mustard/Linseed
       Rice-Wheat- Pulse                                           Rice-Barley
       Rice-Toria- Wheat                                           Rice – Wheat
       Rice – Wheat                                                  Rice – Wheat
       Rice – Mustard                                                Rice – Pea
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8. 5. RICE UNDER INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM
Rice-Fish-Poultry
Rice-Fish-Duckery
In North India where irrigation facilities exist, a number of cropping systems of crops involving rice are feasible.
After harvest of rice, crops like potato, berseem, toria etc., can be sown and will fit very well in intensive crop rotations.
In rainfed areas too, where the soils are well drained and have good moisture retention capacity, legume crops like chickpea, lentil could be grown.
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9. Some of the cropping systems are given below
(B) Un-irrigated Areas
Rice- chickpea
Rice- lentil
Rice- field pea
(A) Irrigated Areas-
Rice-wheat
Rice- potato-urd (black gram)
Rice- toria-wheat
Rice- wheat -moong (green gram)
Rice-potato -moong (green gram)
Rice- pea (for pods) -moong (green gram)
Rice-wheat -Jute
Rice- field peas -sugarcane.
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10. In case of intensive crop rotations where there are more than two crops in a year, a paddy variety of early duration should be selected.
In South India, where the winter temperature is not so low, double cropping of rice is practised.
In eastern India, in low-lying areas a crop of jute is grown followed by rice. Some of the cropping systems are as below:
Rice -rice-wheat
Jute -rice-wheat
Rice-maize-jute
Rice- potato-jute
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11.  IN TAMILNADU
The rice is cultivated for a very long time under wet, dry and garden land ecosystem.
Under dry cultivation, the dry seed was sown either by broadcasting or dropped in lines after country plough.
It was also sown as mixed crop along with red gram.
This practice is still being followed in Ramanthapuram district.
In Chingleput, Thiruvallur, Kancheepuram the seeds are sown in dry conditions but subsequently the crop is irrigated when the tanks get filled up with the onset of monsoon.
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12. It certain parts of North Arcot, South Arcot, Chingleput and Salem districts, rice is cultivated as a garden land crop under irrigation.
Some of the rice based cropping patterns being followed in the in Tamil Nadu are discussed below:-
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13. Rice - Rice-Rice:
This crop rotation is most suitable for areas having high rainfall and assured irrigation facilities in summer months, particularly, in soils which have high water holding capacity and low rate of infiltration.
In some canal irrigated areas of Tamil Nadu, a cropping pattern of 300% intensity is followed. In such areas three crops of rice are grown in a year.
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14. Rice fallow cultivation
Rice-Groundnut
This cropping pattern is being followed by the farmers Tamil Nadu.
After harvesting of rice crop, groundnut is grown in summer.
Rice fallow cultivation
Rice + Pigeon pea
Rice + green gram (moong bean)
Rice + Black gram, urd bean
Rice + Black gram
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