1. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells – Fundamentals and Applications 質子交換膜燃料電池 --- 原理與應用 C. W. Lin Department of Chemical Engineering National Yunlin University of Science & Technology

5. Fuel cell technology A Dream, Challenge Or A Necessity

8. Fuel cell as energy converter Chemical energy of the fuels Electrical energy conversion Thermal energy conversion Mechanical energy conversion

9. H2H2 H2H2 O2O2 O2O2 H + H + H + H + - - - - O H H O H H National Yunlin University of Science & Technology Functional Polymer Lab. A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around an electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, generating electricity, water and heat.

10. High energy-conversion efficiency Thermodynamic efficiency for fuel cells and Carnot efficiency for heat engines

13. What is a fuel cell? Proton and hydroxyl conducting fuel cells

14. Modular design Fuel cells for different scale applications

19. Small transportation Can we apply small technologies to become more sustainable?

20. DMFC Application: Portable Power

22. DMFC: Working principle CH 3 OH+H 2 O   CO 2 +6H + +6e Anode O 2 +4H + +4e   2H 2 O Cathode CH 3 OHO2O2 H2OH2O e DRYDRY H2OH2OH2OH2O H + transport e fuel crossover CO2CO2 Catalyst poisoning Pt-CO

23. DMFC: Problems and possible solutions Methanol crossover Hybrid membranes, nanocomposites, etc Catalyst poisoning (Pt-CO) Better complex catalyst (Pt-X), higher temperature (>120°C) Slow “ water shift reaction ” (CH 3 OH+H 2 O  CO 2 +6H + +6e) below ~100 °C Better complex catalyst, higher temperature But the higher the temperature, the worse the water balance in membrane Water-free membranes?

24. PEMFC: Water balance in membrane Water balance in polymer membrane. H 2   2H + +2e Anode O 2 +4H + +4e   2H 2 O Cathode H + transport H 2 O diffusion Electro-osmotic drag H + (H 2 O) H 2 O diffusion H + transport H2H2 O2O2 H2OH2O ee DRYDRY WETWET H2OH2OH2OH2O

30. MEA 組成示意圖

34. Currently Used Proton Exchange Membrane(PEM)-Nafion 