1. TOPIC 3: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION WEEK 6
SETTLEMENT OF FOUNDATION ON SOIL
REVIEW OF VERTICAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION
FOUNDATION ON FILL

2. Learning Outcomes Students should be able to:
Determine the type of foundation on fill
(CO2-PO10)

3. SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
Total settlement = Immediate Settlement + Consolidation Settlement
Immediate settlement (elastic) takes place during or immediately after the construction of the structure.
Consolidation Settlement occurs over a period of time. Consists of:
Primary – squeezing of water from its void
Secondary – slippage and reorientation of soil particles

4. Calculation of Vertical Stress Increase
A) Stress Increase due to Concentrated Load

5. B) Stress due to Circularly Loaded Area

6. C) 2 : 1 Method

7. OTHER METHODS
Newmarks Chart
Fadums Chart
Pressure Bulbs Chart

8. Type of Fill Non engineered fill Engineered fill Reclaimed land
FOUNDATION ON FILL
Type of Fill
Non engineered fill
Engineered fill
Reclaimed land

9. Foundation Selection
May use raft for engineered fill – need to confirm before construction
Ground improvement for reclaimed land – PVD, Vibro compaction, Dynamic ompaction, stone column etc
Piling for non engineered fill.

10. TOPIC 3: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION WEEK 7
Theoretical and Empirical Method for
Estimating Settlement.
Total and Differential Settlement to Limit Damage

11. Learning Outcomes Students should be able to:
Able to estimate settlement (CO2-PO10)
Able to determine angular distortion
(CO2-PO10)
Able to discuss on tolerable settlement.

12. Elastic Settlement

15. Settlement of Rigid Foundation

16. Empirical Methods

24. Method based on Standard Penetration Test

25. Elastic Parameters of Soil
Correlation

28. Primary Consolidation Settlement

29. Primary Consolidation Settlement Calculations

33. Secondary Compression Index

34. Tolerable Settlement of Buildings
Parameters for Differential Settlement

35. Tolerable Settlement of Buildings

36. Guideline for Tolerable Settlement

37. Limiting Angular Distortion

39. Field Load Test
Test in Clay, qu(F) = qu(P)
Sand, qu(F) = qu(P) BF/BP

40. For sand, SF/SP = 4/ (1 +BP/BF)2
For a given qo
Terzaghi and Peck:
For sand, SF/SP = 4/ (1 +BP/BF)2
Clay, SF = SP. BF/BP

42. Calculate the average Stress Increase for the clay layer and the
Consolidation Settlement