1. Comprehending 1. Beside each date note down an important event in California history. First settlers crossed the Bering Strait from Asia Spanish soldier arrived in South America California became part of Mexico The US declared war on Mexico Gold was discovered in California California became the 31st state of the US.

2. Russians ____________ Jewish ___________ Danish __________ Chinese ____________ Japanese ___________ Pakistanis _________ African _____________ Cambodians _________ Italians _____________ Koreans __________ 2.Beside each cultural group, write the period in which they first came to California in large numbers Early 1800s Late 1840s / early 1850s 1800s Late 1800s 1920s Early 1900s From about the 1970s 1911 From about the 1970s

3. 用 it 作形式主语的 that- 从句有 以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be + 形容词 + that- 从句 It is necessary that… 有必要 …… It is important that… 重要的是 …… It is obvious that… 很明显 …… ★

4. b. It + be + -ed 分词 + that- 从句 It is believed that… 人们相信 …… It is known to all that… 从所周知 …… It has been decided that… 已决定 ……

5. c. It + be + 名词 + that- 从句 It is common knowledge that… …… 是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是 …… It is a fact that… 事实是 ……

6. d. It + 不及物动词 + that- 分句 It appears that… 似乎 …… It happens that… 碰巧 …… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起 ……

7. 名词性 wh- 从句 1 ）由 wh- 词引导的名词从句 叫做名词性 wh- 从句。 wh- 词 包括 who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词 和 where, when, how, why 等 连接副词。 wh- 从句的语法功 能除了和 that- 从句一样外， 还可充当介词宾语、宾语补 语和间接宾语等，例如： ★

8. 主语： How the book will sell depends on its author. 直接宾语： In one's own home one can do what one likes. 间接宾语： The club will give whoever wins a prize. 表语： My question is who will take over the president.

9. 宾语补足语： She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语： I have no idea when he will return. 形容词宾语： I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.

10. 1.It now appears ______ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how 2.It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how 3.It ______ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought D. is thought that

11. 4.It ______ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what 5.This is ______ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 6.The question is ______ we can’t go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when

12. 7.The question is ______ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C. which D. what 8.The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 9.My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where

13. 10.His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built 11.My advice is that he ______ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept 12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who

14. 13.We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 14.We heard the news ______ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where 15.The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if 16.You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where